Britain when the
Romans left it in 410, after nearly four hundred years
of misgovernment. (See Elton's "Origins of English
History," pp. 306-308.)

[562] Semper, "Der Stil," pp. 133, 134. See Louis
Viardot, "Des Origines Traditionnelles de la Peinture en
Italie" (Paris, 1840), p. 53, note. Also see "Les Ducs
de Bourgogne," part ii. vol. ii. p. 243, No. 4092.
Muratori was born in 1672; and he says the Empress
Helena's work was in existence in the beginning of the
eighteenth century. (See p. 316, _ante_.)

[563] When St. Augustine (546) came to preach to the
Anglo-Saxons, he had a banner, fastened to a cross,
carried before him, on which was embroidered the image
of our Lord. (See Mrs. Lawrence's "Woman in England,"
pp. 296, 297.) Probably this was Roman work.

[564] Quoted by Mrs. Lawrence, "Woman in England," p.
49, from one of Adhelme's Latin poems. Adhelme, Bishop
of Sherborne, died in 709, having been thirty years a
bishop. He wrote Latin poems, of which the most
important, in praise of virginity, is in the Lambeth
Library, No. 200. The MS. contains his portrait. See
Strutt's "English Dresses," ed. Planche.

[565] An Anglo-Saxon lady named Aedelswitha, living near
Whitby, in the sixth century, collected a number of
girls and taught them to produce admirable embroideries
for the benefit of the monastery. (See Rock's "Church of
our Fathers," p. 273; also his Introduction to
"Textiles," p. xxvii.) Bock speaks of Hrothgar's
tapestries, embroidered with gold, of the thirteenth
century. See Appendix 8. But the earliest English
tapestry I have seen is that in York Minster, in which
are inwoven the arms of Scrope, 1390. Wright says of the
Anglo-Saxon women, "In their chamber, besides spinning
and weaving, the ladies were employed in needlework and
embroidery, and the Saxon ladies were so skilful in this
art, that their works were celebrated on the
Continent."--"History of Manners in England during the
Middle Ages," by Thomas Wright, p. 52.

[566] See Mrs. Lawrence's "Woman in England," i. p.
296-7.

[567] See Rock's "Church of our Fathers," ii. p. 272,
quoting Th. Stubbs. "Acta Pontif. Th. ed. Twysden," 1.
ii. p. 1699; also Bock's "Liturgische Gewaender," i. p.
212, and p. 325 _ante_.

[568] Appendix 9.

[569] This could hardly