ded not by
sense, but by a mental operation--by conception.

"But inasmuch as such students ascend no higher than assumptions, and do
not go to the first principles of truth, they do not seem to have true
knowledge, intellectual insight, intuitive reason, on the subjects of
their reasonings, though the subjects are intelligible things. And you
call this habit and practice of the geometers and others by the name of
JUDGMENT (dianoia), not reason, or insight, or intuition--taking
judgment to be something between opinion, on the one side, and intuitive
reason, on the other.

"You have explained it well," said I. "And now consider these four kinds
of things we have spoken of, as corresponding to four affections (or
faculties) of the mind. INTUITIVE REASON (noesis), the highest; JUDGMENT
(dianoia)(or _discursive reason_), the next; the third, BELIEF (pistis);
and the fourth, CONJECTURE, or _guess_ (eikasia); and arrange them in
order, so that they may be held to have more or less certainty, as their
objects have more or less truth."[532] The completeness, and even
accuracy of this classification of all the objects of human cognition,
and of the corresponding mental powers, will be seen at once by studying
the diagram proposed by Plato, as figured on the opposite page.

[Footnote 532: "Republic," bk. vi. ch. xx. and xxi.]

PLATONIC SCHEME OF THE OBJECTS OF COGNITION, AND THE RELATIVE MENTAL POWERS
___________________________________________________________________________
| |
| VISIBLE WORLD | INTELLIGIBLE WORLD
| (the object of Opinion--doxa). |(the object of Knowledge or
| | Science--ipytteme).
|_________________________________|____________________________
| | | |
| Things. | Images. | Intuitions. | Conceptions.
____________|________________|________________|______________|_____________

And may be thus further expanded:
___________________________________________________________________________
| |
| VISIBLE WORLD. | INTELLIGIBLE WORLD.
____________|_________________________________|____________________________
| | | |
| Things | Images | Ide