surrounding
objects, such as the stall, manger, rack, etc. Clots of blood in the
nasal passages must be washed out, collections of pus removed from the
sinuses, and, if the teeth are loosened and liable to fall out, they
should be removed. If roaring is threatened, tracheotomy is indicated.

FRACTURES OF THE PREMAXILLARY BONE.

These are mentioned by continental authors and are usually encountered
in connection with fractures of the nasal bone, and may take place
either in the width or the length of the bone.

The deformity of the upper lip, which is drawn sidewise in this lesion,
renders it easy of diagnosis. The abnormal mobility and the crepitation,
with the pain manifested by the patient when undergoing examination, are
concurrent symptoms. Looseness of the teeth, abundant salivation, and
entire inability to grasp the feed complete the symptomatology of these
accidents. In the treatment splints of gutta-percha or leather are
sometimes used, but they are of difficult application. Our own judgment
and practice are in favor of the union of the bones by means of metallic
sutures.

FRACTURES OF THE LOWER JAW.

A fracture here is not an injury of infrequent occurrence. It involves
the body of the bone, at its symphysis, or back of it, and includes one
or both of its branches, either more or less forward, or at the
posterior part near the temporomaxillary articulation, at the coronoid
process.

Falls, blows, or other external violence, or powerful muscular
contractions during the use of the speculum, may be mentioned among the
causes of this lesion. The fracture of the neck, or that portion formed
by the juncture of the two opposite sides, and of the branches in front
of the cheeks, causes the lower jaw, the true dental arch, to drop,
without the ability to raise it again to the upper, and the result is a
peculiar and characteristic physiognomy. The prehension and mastication
of feed become impossible; there is an abundant escape of fetid and
sometimes bloody saliva, especially if the gums have been wounded; there
is excessive mobility of the lower end of the jawbone; and there is
crepitation, and frequently paralysis of the under lip. Although an
animal suffering with a complete and often compound and comminuted
fracture of the submaxilla presents at times a serious aspect, the
prognosis of the case is comparatively favorable, and recovery is
usually only a question of time. The severity of the lesion correspo