y be indefinitely extended,
but without profit or utility.

_Symptoms._--Some of the symptoms of shoulder lameness are peculiar to
themselves, and yet the trouble is frequently mistaken for other
affections--navicular disease more often than any other. The fact that
in both affections there are instances when the external symptoms are
but imperfectly defined, and that one of them especially is very similar
in both, is sufficient to mislead careless or inexperienced observers
and to occasion the error which is sometimes committed of applying to
one disease the name of the other, erring both ways in the interchange.
The true designation of pathological lesions is very far at times from
being of certain and easy accomplishment, and, owing to the massive
structure of the parts we are considering, this is especially true in
the present connection. Still there are many cases in which there is
really no reasonable excuse for an error in diagnosis by an average
practitioner.

Shoulder lameness will, of course, manifest itself by signs and
appearances more or less distinct and pronounced, according to the
nature of the degrees and the extent of the originating cause. We
summarize some of these signs and appearances:

The lameness is not intermittent, but continued, the disturbance of
motion gaging the severity of the lesion and its extent. It is more
marked when the bones are diseased than when the muscles alone are
affected. When in motion the two upper bony levers--the shoulder blade
and the bone of the upper arm--are reduced to nearly complete immobility
and the walking is performed by the complete displacement of the entire
mass, which is dragged forward without either flexion of extension. The
action of the joint below, as a natural consequence, is limited in its
flexion. In many instances there is a certain degree of swelling at the
point of injury--at the joint, or, more commonly, in front of it, or on
the surface of the spinatus muscle. Again, instead of swelling there
will be muscular atrophy, though, while this condition of loss of
muscular power may interfere with perfect locomotion, it is not in
itself usually a cause of shoulder lameness. "Sweenied" shoulders are
more often due to disease below the fetlock than to affections above the
elbow.

During rest the animal often carries his leg forward, somewhat analogous
to the "pointing" position of navicular disease, though in some cases
the painful member drops at