the elbow in a semiflexed position. The
backing is sometimes typical, the animal when performing it, instead of
flexing his shoulder, dragging the whole leg without motion in the upper
segment of the extremity.

The peculiar manner in which the leg is brought forward in the air for
another step in the act of walking or trotting is in some instances
characteristic of injuries of the shoulder. The lameness also manifests
itself in bringing the leg forward with a circumflex swinging motion and
a shortening in the extension of the step. The foot is carried close to
the ground and stumbling is frequent, especially on an uneven road.

With the utmost scrutiny and care the vagueness and uncertainty of the
symptoms will contribute to perplex and discredit the diagnosis and
embarrass the surgeon, and sometimes the expedient is tried of
aggravating the symptoms by way of intensifying their significance, and
thus rendering them more intelligible. This has been sought by requiring
the patient to travel on hard or very soft ground and compelling him to
turn on the sound leg as a pivot, with other motions calculated to
betray the locality of the pain.

_Treatment._--It is our conviction that lameness of the shoulder will in
many cases disappear with no other prescription than that of rest.
Provided the lesions occasioning it are not too severe, time is all that
is required. But the negation of letting alone is seldom accepted as a
means of doing good, in the place of the active and the positive forms
of treatment. This is in accordance with a trait of human nature which
is universal, and is unlimited in its applications; hence something must
be done. In mild cases of shoulder lameness, then, the indications are
water, either in the cold douche or by showering, or by warm
fomentations. Warm, wet blankets are of great service; in addition, or
as alternative, anodyne liniments, camphor, belladonna, either in the
form of tincture or the oils, are of benefit, and at a later period
stimulating friction with suitable mixtures, sweating liniments,
blistering compounds, subcutaneous injections over the region of the
muscle of 1-1/2 grains of veratrin (the variety insoluble in water)
mixed in 2 drams of water, etc., will find their place, and finally,
when necessity demands it, the firing iron and the seton.

The duration of the treatment must be determined by its effects and the
evidence that may be offered of the results following the act