he
two men murdered on the Missouri River in 1820 were Isadore Poupon, a
French half-breed, and Joseph F. Andrews, a Canadian.

[316] Quaife's _Chicago and the Old Northwest, 1673-1835_, p. 283.

[317] Snelling to Taliaferro, March 19, 1822.--_Taliaferro Letters_,
Vol. I, No. 32. The quotation is taken from this letter. See also
Calhoun to Snelling, September 18, 1822.--_Taliaferro Letters_, Vol. I,
No. 40.

[318] Letter of George Johnson, November 2, 1825.--_Indian Office
Files_, 1825-1826, No. 4.

[319] Taliaferro to Harris, September 10, 1838.--_Indian Office Files_,
1838, No. 663.

CHAPTER VIII

[320] Morse's _A Report to the Secretary of War of the United States on
Indian Affairs_, p. 28.

[321] Kellogg's _Early Narratives of the Northwest, 1634-1699_, p. 50.

[322] _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. VI, p. 209.

[323] Baker to Taliaferro, May 19, 1829.--_Indian Office Files_, 1829,
No. 64.

[324] Speech of Flat Mouth, May 27, 1827.--_Indian Office Files_, 1827,
No. 14.

[325] _Indian Office Files_, 1827, No. 9.

[326] From Mrs. Van Cleve's reminiscences in the _Minnesota Historical
Collections_, Vol. III, p. 80.

[327] The information upon which the entire incident is built is
contained in the letter of Snelling to Atkinson, May 31, 1827, in
_Indian Office Files_, 1827, No. 10; the letter of Taliaferro to Clark,
May 31, 1827, in Indian Office Files, 1827, No. 12; Neill's _The History
of Minnesota_, pp. 391-394; _Reminiscences of Mrs. Ann Adams_ in the
_Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. VI, pp. 107-110; _A
Reminiscence_ _of Ft. Snelling_, by Mrs. Charlotte O. Van Cleve,
in the _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. III, pp. 76-81; _Running
the Gantlet_ by William J. Snelling (the son of Colonel Snelling) in the
_Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. I, pp. 439-456.

The last mentioned account was originally published as a magazine
article, and much of it is undoubtedly the product of the author's
imagination. It is from this that the writer drew the story of Toopunkah
Zeze. The article by Mrs. Van Cleve is full of errors and there are some
mistakes in Mrs. Adams's reminiscences. For the facts of the attack the
writer depended upon the two reports in the _Indian Office Files_. In a
letter written from Prairie du Chien the next winter Joseph Street says
that a hostage, an innocent man, was among the Sioux who were
executed.--Street to Dr. Alexander Posey, December 11, 1827, in the