innesota Pioneer_, September 27, 1849.

[498] _Post Returns_, November, 1852, October, 1853, October, 1854, in
the archives of the War Department, Washington, D. C.

CHAPTER XIII

[499] Turner's _The Significance of the Frontier in American History_ in
the _Annual Report of the American Historical Association_, 1893, p.
211.

[500] Beltrami's _A Pilgrimage in Europe and America_, Vol. II, p. 202.

[501] Neill's _The History of Minnesota_ (Fourth Edition), p. 453;
_Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. I, p. 468.

[502] _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. III, p. 319.

[503] Keating's _Narrative of an Expedition to the Source of St. Peter's
River_, Vol. II, p. 60.

[504] Much has been written on the founding of this colony and the
romantic events connected with the struggle between the Hudson's Bay
Company and the North West Company, in which many of the colonists were
the innocent victims. Interesting accounts are given in Kingsford's _The
History of Canada_, Vol. IX, pp. 108-150; Bryce's _The Remarkable
History of the Hudson's Bay Company_, pp. 202-257; Bryce's _Lord
Selkirk_ in _The Makers of Canada_, Vol. V, pp. 115-206; Laut's _The
Conquest of the Great Northwest_, pp. 113-202; _Minnesota Historical
Collections_, Vol. VI, pp. 75-89.

[505] There is a summary of the early trading relations of the Red River
Colony with the American settlements in the _Collections of the State
Historical Society of North Dakota_, Vol. IV, pp. 251, 252. The arrival
of these people at Fort Snelling is noted in the _Minnesota Historical
Collections_, Vol. II, pp. 124, 127; VI, p. 350.

[506] "Two families of Swiss emigrants who arrived here yesterday were
robbed of almost everything they possessed".--Snelling to
Taliaferro, October 19, 1824, in _Taliaferro Letters_, Vol. I, No. 50.
See also the story of the Tully children in Van Cleve's _"Three Score
Years and Ten," Life-Long Memories of Fort Snelling, Minnesota_, pp.
49-61.

[507] The facts concerning the migrations of these Red River refugees
are taken from the reminiscences of Mrs. Ann Adams who was herself one
of the travellers.--_Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. VI, pp.
75-95. See also Chetlain's _The Red River Colony_. This is a small
pamphlet written by the son of one of the refugees.

[508] _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. XIV, p. 84.

[509] Williams's _A History of the City of Saint Paul_, pp. 70, 71.

[510] _Executive Documents_, 3rd Sess