, 1851.

[354] Snelling to Atkinson, May 31, 1827.--_Indian Office Files_, 1827,
No. 10.

[355] _The Minnesota Pioneer_, May 16, 1850. Other occasions when
Indians were imprisoned for similar causes are mentioned in _The
Minnesota Pioneer_, September 23, 1852, April 20, 1854.

[356] _The Minnesota Pioneer_, October 14, 1852.

[357] Report of Agent A. J. Bruce, September 1, 1846.--_Executive
Documents_, 2nd Session, 29th Congress, Vol. I, Document No. 4, p. 246.

[358] Beltrami's _A Pilgrimage in Europe and America_, Vol. II, pp. 233,
234.

[359] _Taliaferro's Diary_, January 31, 1831; Taliaferro to Captain W.
R. Lovett, June 30, 1831, in _Taliaferro Letters_, Vol. II, No. 150.

[360] Pond's _Two Volunteer Missionaries among the Dakotas_, p. 138.

[361] Taliaferro to Clark, October 4, 1830.--_William Clark Papers,
Correspondence, 1830-1832_, p. 68.

[362] _Taliaferro's Diary_, June 29, 1834.

CHAPTER IX

[363] For an account of the attack on the trading house system see
Quaife's _Chicago and the Old Northwest, 1673-1835_, pp. 301-309; also
_Wisconsin Historical Collections_, Vol. XX, pp. xiii-xviii.

[364] This account of the fur trade is based upon the reminiscences of
Mr. H. H. Sibley in the _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. III,
pp. 245-247; and Turner's _The Character and Influence of the Indian
Trade in Wisconsin_ in the _Johns Hopkins University Studies in
Historical and Political Science_, Vol. IX, pp. 601-607.

[365] If an Indian failed continually in paying up his credits, the
trader would refuse him any more goods. This would bring on the enmity
of the hunter and his whole family. Such was the case of Joseph R. Brown
mentioned in the _Minnesota Historical Collections_, Vol. III, p. 247.

[366] _United States Statutes at Large_, Vol. II, pp. 139-146, Vol. III,
pp. 332, 333, Vol. IV, pp. 729-735.

[367] A copy of an American trading license is published in the _Report
from the Select Committee on the Hudson's Bay Company_, p. 282.

[368] _Indian Office Files_, 1831, No. 70.

[369] _Indian Office Files_, 1831, No. 82.

[370] _Auto-biography of Maj. Lawrence Taliaferro_ in the _Minnesota
Historical Collections_, Vol. VI, p. 200.

[371] _Wisconsin Historical Collections_, Vol. XX, p. 43

[372] Sibley to Featherstonhaugh.--_Sibley Papers_. This letter is
printed in Holcombe's _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. II, p. 57.

[373] Chittenden's _The History of the American Fur Trad