73,250,000 40,650,000 1876 . . . 63,770,000 48,820,000
1861 . . . 70,800,000 42,700,000 1877 . . . 67,100,000 41,200,000
1862 . . . 68,550,000 40,700,000 1878 . . . 67,800,000 49,519,000
1863 . . . 66,950,000 40,700,000 1879 . . . 69,800,000 55,200,000
1864 . . . 66,900,000 40,700,000 1880 . . . 70,400,000 57,500,000
1865 . . . 66,975,000 40,700,000 1881 . . . 65,800,000 62,800,000

Total $1,072,125,000 $649,800,000 Total $1,008,420,000 $716,864,000

Total Gold, $2,080,545,000. Total Silver, $1,366,664,000.

TOTAL FOR THE WHOLE WORLD.
GOLD. SILVER.
1850-1856 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,894,650,000 $ 688,200,000
1866-1881 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,687,225,000 1,183,875,000]

[(4) The Naval expenditures for the sixteen years following the war
were as follows:--

Four years under President Johnson . . . . . $114,500,000
Eight years under President Grant . . . . . 154,500,000
Four years under President Hayes . . . . . . 57,000,000]

CHAPTER XXVII.

The question of the fisheries has been in dispute between Great Britain
and the United States for more than seventy years. During that period
it has been marked by constantly recurring, and sometimes heated,
controversy; and it will continue to be a source of irritation until
the two Government can reach a solution which shall prove satisfactory,
not only to the negotiators, but to the class of brave and
adventurous men who, under both flags, are engaged in the sea-fisheries.
For a long period each recurring season brought its series of
complaints, often threatening violence between the fishermen,
and tending to bring the two Governments into actual collision. An
adjustment was effected by the Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 and again by
the Treaty of Washington in 1871, but for so brief a time under each
agreement as only to postpone the difficulty and not to settle it.
There is a right and a wrong side to this questions, and either the
Government of the United States or the Government of England is to
blame for the chronic contention which marks it.

The American case can be briefly stated. When the independence of the
Colonies was recognized in the preliminary treaty of 1782 the
provisions agreed upon in regard to two subjects were held by both
Governments to be final and perpetual. One was the territory embraced
within the bo