re brought
together. If lack of zeal is found in many sections of the country on
this subject, it is because the people are never brought in contact
with the evils, the abuses, and the corruptions which are well known
to exist at points where the patronage is large, and where consequently
many citizens are struggling for place.

No reform in the civil service will be valuable that does not release
members of Congress from the care and the embarrassment of
appointments; and no boon so great could be conferred upon senators and
representatives as to relive them from the worry, the annoyance, and
the responsibility which time and habit have fixed upon them in
connection with the dispensing of patronage, all of which belong under
the Constitution to the Executive. On the other hand the evil of
which President Harrison spoke--the employment of the patronage by the
Executive to influence legislation--is far the greatest abuse to which
the civil service has ever been perverted. To separate the two great
Departments of the Government, to keep each within its own sphere, will
be an immeasurable advantage and will enhance the character and dignity
of both. A non-political service will be secured when Congress shall
be left to its legitimate functions, when the President shall not
interfere therewith by the use of patronage, and when the
responsibility of appointments shall rest solely with the Department
to which the Organic Law of the Republic assigns it.

The rapid settlement of California, stimulated as it was by the
discovery of gold, attracted a considerable immigration from China.
Industrious and patient laborers, the Chinese were found useful to the
pioneers; and they received for their work a degree of compensation
many fold greater than they had ever realized in their native land,
yet far below the average wages of an American laborer. The treaty
relations between China and the United States, negotiated originally
by Caleb Cushing in 1844 and afterwards by William B. Reed in 1858,
did not contemplate the immigration into either country of citizens or
subjects of the other. But in 1868 the treaty negotiated by Mr.
Seward as Secretary of State and Mr. Burlingame, acting as Minister
Plenipotentiary for China, recognized the right of the citizens of
either country to visit or reside in the other, specially excluding in
both, however, the right of naturalization.

Upon Mr. Seward's urgent request the following stipul