animals". Hence it
implies that _each_ of the two Classes, "hyaenas" and "savage
animals", taken by itself, is _Real_.]

pg020
Sec. 5.

_Translation of a Proposition of Relation into one or more Propositions
of Existence._

We have seen that a Proposition of Relation, beginning with "Some,"
asserts that _some existing Things_, being Members of its Subject, are
_also_ Members of its Predicate. Hence, it asserts that some existing
Things are Members of _both_; i.e. it asserts that some existing Things
are Members of the Class of Things which have _all_ the Attributes of
the Subject and the Predicate.

Hence, to translate it into a Proposition of Existence, we take
"existing Things" as the new _Subject_, and Things, which have _all_ the
Attributes of the Subject and the Predicate, as the new Predicate.

Similarly for a Proposition of Relation beginning with "No".

A Proposition of Relation, beginning with "All", is (as shown in Sec. 3)
equivalent to _two_ Propositions, one beginning with "Some" and the
other with "No", each of which we now know how to translate.

[Let us work a few Examples, to illustrate these Rules.

(1)

"Some apples are not ripe."

Here we arrange thus:--

"Some" _Sign of Quantity_.
"existing Things" _Subject_.
"are" _Copula_.
"not-ripe apples" _Predicate_.

or thus:--

"Some | existing Things | are | not-ripe apples."
pg021
(2)

"Some farmers always grumble at the weather, whatever
it may be."

Here we arrange thus:--

"Some | existing Things | are | farmers who always
grumble at the weather, whatever it may be."

(3)

"No lambs are accustomed to smoke cigars."

Here we arrange thus:--

"No | existing Things |are | lambs accustomed to
smoke cigars."

(4)

"None of my speculations have brought me as much
as 5 per cent."

Here we arrange thus:--

"No | existing Things | are | speculations of mine,
which have brought me as much as 5 per cent."

(5)

"None but the brave deserve the fair."

Here we note, to begin with, that the phrase "none but the
brave" is equivalent to "no