(4)
.---------------.
|(O) | |
| .---|---. |
| |(I)| | |
|---|---|---|---|
| |(O)|(O)| |
| .---|---. |
|(O) | |
.---------------.

The N.W. Quarter is _occupied_, in spite of the "O" in the Outer
Cell. So we mark it with a "I" on the Biliteral Diagram.

The N.E. Quarter yields no information.

.-------.
|(I)| |
|---|---|
| | |
.-------.

The S.W. Quarter is certainly _empty_. So we mark it as such on
the Biliteral Diagram.

.-------.
|(I)| |
|---|---|
|(O)| |
.-------.

The S.E. Quarter does not yield enough information to use.

We read off the result as "All y are x."]

[Review Tables V, VI (pp. 46, 47). Work Examples Sec. =1=, 13-16
(p. 97); Sec. =2=, 21-32 (p. 98); Sec. =3=, 1-20 (p. 99).]

pg056

BOOK V.

SYLLOGISMS.

CHAPTER I.

_INTRODUCTORY_

When a Trio of Biliteral Propositions of Relation is such that

(1) all their six Terms are Species of the same Genus,

(2) every two of them contain between them a Pair of
codivisional Classes,

(3) the three Propositions are so related that, if the first
two were true, the third would be true,

the Trio is called a '=Syllogism='; the Genus, of which each of the six
Terms is a Species, is called its ='Universe of Discourse=', or, more
briefly, its '=Univ.='; the first two Propositions are called its
'=Premisses=', and the third its '=Conclusion='; also the Pair of
codivisional Terms in the Premisses are called its '=Eliminands=', and
the other two its '=Retinends='.

The Conclusion of a Syllogism is said to be '=consequent=' from its
Premisses: hence it is usual to prefix to it the word "Therefore" (or
the Symbol ".'.").
pg057
[Note that the 'Eliminands' are so called because they are
_eliminated_, and do not appear in the Conclusion; and that the
'Retinends' are so called because they are _retained_, and _do_
appear in the Conclusion.

Note also that the question, whether the Conclusion is or is not
_consequent_ from the Premisses, is not affected by the _actual_
truth or falsity of any of the Trio, but depends