s father's banking and railway
enterprises, and from 1863 to 1874 was president of the Northern Central
railway. Trained in the political school of his father, he developed
into an astute politician. From June 1876 to March 1877 he was secretary
of war in President Grant's cabinet. In the Republican national
convention of 1876 he took an influential part in preventing the
nomination of James G. Elaine, and later was one of those who directed
the policy of the Republicans in the struggle for the presidency between
Tilden and Hayes. From 1877 until 1897 he was a member of the United
States Senate, having been elected originally to succeed his father, who
resigned in order to create the vacancy. He was chairman of the
Republican national committee during the campaign of 1880.

CAMERON, VERNEY LOVETT (1844-1894), English traveller in Central Africa,
was born at Radipole, near Weymouth, Dorsetshire, on the 1st of July
1844. He entered the navy in 1857, served in the Abyssinian campaign of
1868, and was employed for a considerable time in the suppression of the
East African slave trade. The experience thus obtained led to his being
selected to command an expedition sent by the Royal Geographical Society
in 1873, to succour Dr. Livingstone. He was also instructed to make
independent explorations, guided by Livingstone's advice. Soon after the
departure of the expedition from Zanzibar, Livingstone's servants were
met bearing the dead body of their master. Cameron's two European
companions turned back, but he continued his march and reached Ujiji, on
Lake Tanganyika, in February 1874, where he found and sent to England
Livingstone's papers. Cameron spent some time determining the true form
of the south part of the lake, and solved the question of its outlet by
the discovery of the Lukuga river. From Tanganyika he struck westward to
Nyangwe, the Arab town on the Lualaba previously visited by Livingstone.
This river Cameron rightly believed to be the main stream of the Congo,
and he endeavoured to procure canoes to follow it down. In this he was
unsuccessful, owing to his refusal to countenance slavery, and he
therefore turned south-west. After tracing the Congo-Zambezi watershed
for hundreds of miles he reached Bihe and finally arrived at the coast
on the 28th of November 1875, being the first European to cress
Equatorial Africa from sea to sea. His travels, which were published in
1877 under the title _Across Africa_, conta