ly ornamental figure heads for their canoes, which also sometimes
show very fine workmanship. In the interior the people use the
wild-growing cotton and fibres of plants to manufacture coarse drapery
and plait-work. Plantations founded by German industry are fairly
successful. Large reserves are set apart for the natives by government
when marking off the land granted to plantation companies. The
best-known of these companies, the _Sud-Kamerun_, holds a concession
over a large tract of country by the Sanga river, exporting its rubber,
ivory and other produce via the Congo. The principal imports are cotton
goods, spirits, building material, firearms, hardware and salt. The
annual value of the external trade in the period 1900-1905 averaged
about L800,000. In 1907 the value of the trade had increased to
L1,700,000. Some 70% of the import and export trade was with Germany,
the remainder being almost entirely with Great Britain. The percentage
of the trade with Germany was increasing, that with Britain decreasing.

_Communications._--There is regular steamship communication with Europe
by German and British boats. On the rivers which run into the Cameroon
estuary small steam launches ply. The protectorate belongs to the Postal
Union, and is connected by cable with the British telegraph station at
Bonny in the Niger delta.

An imperial guarantee of interest was obtained in 1905 for the
construction of a railway from Hickory to Bayong, a place 100 m. to the
north, the district traversed being fertile and populous. From Victoria
a line runs to Soppo (22 m.) near Buea and is continued thence
northward. Another line, sanctioned in 1908, runs S.E. from Duala to the
upper waters of the Nyong. In the neighbourhood of government stations
excellent roads have been built. The chief towns in the coast region are
connected by telegraph and telephone.

_Government Revenue, &c._--The administration is under the direction of
a governor appointed by and responsible to the imperial authorities. The
governor is assisted by a chancellor and other officials and an advisory
council whose members are merchants resident in the protectorate.
Decrees having the force of law are issued by the imperial chancellor on
the advice of the governor. In Adamawa and German Bornu are various
Mahommedan sultanates controlled by residents stationed at Garua and
Kusseri. Revenue is raised chiefly by customs dues on spirits and
tobacco and a general 10% _ad valo