intended
to make it the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony; but as Boston's
peninsular position gave it the advantage in commerce and in defence
against the Indians, the plan fell through, although up to 1638 various
sessions of the general court and particular courts were held here. The
township records (published) are continuous since 1632. A direct tax for
the wooden "pallysadoe" about Cambridge led the township of Watertown in
1632 to make the first protest in America against taxation without
representation. The settlement was first known as the "New Towne," but
in 1638 was named Cambridge in honour of the English Cambridge, where
several score of the first immigrants to the colony were educated. The
oldest college in America (Harvard) was founded here in 1636. In 1639
there was set up in Cambridge the first printing press of British North
America (Boston having none until 1676). Other notable dates in history
are 1637 and 1647, when general synods of New England churches met at
Cambridge to settle disputed doctrine and define orthodoxy; the
departure for Connecticut of Thomas Hooker's congregation in 1636; the
meeting of the convention that framed the present constitution of the
commonwealth, 1779-1780; the separation of the Congregationalists and
Unitarians of the first parish church, in 1829; and the grant of a city
charter in 1846. The original township of Cambridge was very large, and
there have been successively detached from it, Newton (1691), Lexington
(1713), Brighton (1837) and Arlington (1867).

See Lucius R. Paige, _History of Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1630-1877_
(Boston, Mass., 1877); T.W. Higginson, _Old Cambridge_ (New York,
1899); Arthur Gilman (ed.), _The Cambridge of Eighteen Hundred and
Ninety-Six_ (Cambridge, 1896); and _Historic Guide to Cambridge_
(Cambridge, 1907.)

CAMBRIDGE, a city and the county-seat of Guernsey county, Ohio, U.S.A.,
on Wills Creek, about 75 m. E. by N. of Columbus. Pop. (1890) 4361;
(1900) 8241, of whom 407 were foreign-born; (1910 census) 11,327. It is
served by the Baltimore & Ohio and the Pennsylvania railways, and is
connected by an electric line with Byesville (pop. in 1910, 3156), about
7 m. S. Cambridge is built on a hill about 800 ft. above sea-level.
There is a public library. Coal, oil, natural gas, clay and iron are
found in the vicinity, and among the city's manufactures are iron,
steel, glass, furniture and pottery. The value of its facto