of Orissa. These are called by the
Hindus _Kols_ (_Coolies_), _Khonds_ and _Surs_. Such, however, are no
native designations--no more than the classical term _Barbarian_, or the
English word _Tartar_. The people themselves have no collective name;
but, being divided into tribes, have a separate one for each.

I say that this branch of Tamulians is isolated, because I am not able
to show its continuity; the range of hill-country which gives rise to
the rivers between the Ganges and Mahanuddy being but imperfectly known.

In Orissa, the most northern of the hill-tribes are the Kol of Cuttack.
South of these come the Khonds best studied in the neighbourhood of
Goomsoor. The following is a list of their gods, and as _n_ seems to
stand for _d_, _Pennu_ is but another name for _Bedo_, and _Gossa Pennu_
for _Bedo Gosaik_:--

1. Bera _Pennu_, or the earth god.
2. Bella _Pennu_, the sun god, and Danzu _Pennu_, the moon god.
3. Sandhi _Pennu_, the god of limits.
4. Loha _Pennu_, the iron god, or god of arms.
5. Jugah _Pennu_, the god of small-pox.
6. Madzu _Pennu_, or the village deity, the universal _genius loci_.
7. Soro _Pennu_, the hill god.
8. Jori _Pennu_, the god of streams.
9. Gossa _Pennu_, the forest god.
10. Munda _Pennu_, the tank god.
11. Sugu _Pennu_, or Sidruja _Pennu_, the god of fountains.
12. Pidzu _Pennu_, the god of rain.
13. Pilamu _Pennu_, the god of hunting.
14. The god of births.[36]

The most southern of the Orissa hill-tribes are the _Sur_; connected by
language with the preceding tribes; as they were with each other and the
Rajmahali mountaineers.

These stand in remarkable contrast with the rest of the population of
Orissa; whose language is the Udiya, a tongue which, according to many,
belongs to a wholly different class, or, at least, to a different
division of the present.

South of Chicacole, however, the Tamul tongues are spoken continuously.
I cannot say where the southern limits of the Sur population come in
contact with the northern ones of the--

_Chenchwars_--who occupy the same range of mountains, in the parts
between the rivers Kistna and Pennar, and, probably, extending as far
south as the neighbourhood of Madras. Their language is the Telugu, the
language of the parts around, and of Tamul origin.[37] The contrast
between the Chenchwars of the hills, and the Telingas of the lower
country lies in their mythologies; the former retaining much of the
or