tached.

In _Onagraceae_ (_Jussieua_), as also in _Cactaceae_ (_Opuntia_), buds
have been observed on the surface and edges of the inferior ovary.
Indeed, in the former genus, they have been produced artificially, but
as buds may be formed on foliar as well as on axial organs, the fact
cannot be made great use of in support either of the foliar or axial
nature of the inferior ovary. In _Epilobium_, I have met with four
perfect leaves at the summit of the ovary, in the place usually occupied
by the sepals. This would also favour the notion that the axis entered
into the constitution of the fruit in this genus.

Mr. B. Clarke, in his 'New Arrangement of Phanerogamous Plants,' p. 4,
cites a case wherein the perianth was completely detached from the
surface of the ovary in _Cannabis sativa_.

It must be borne in mind that some of the recorded instances of change
in the relative position of the calyx and pistil ought more properly to
be referred to a substitution of carpels for stamens, as in _Begonia_,
_Fuchsia_, &c. Among _Cucurbitaceae_, examples have been recorded, both
of the detachment of the calyx from the ovary,[88] and of the partial
conversion of some of the anthers of the male flower to carpels.

The very singular mode of germination of _Sechium edule_ in which the
fruit, instead of rotting, becomes thickened into a kind of rhizome or
tuber, is a fact that should not be overlooked in investigating the true
nature of the fruit in this order.

The following are the genera in which the change has been most
frequently observed:

*Rosa!
*Pyrus!
*Crataegus!
*Daucus!
Pastinaca.
Torilis.
Apium.
OEnanthe!
Heracleum,
Athamanta.
Selinum.
Carum.
Imperatoria.
Rudbeckia!
*Campanula!
Lonicera!
Cucumis!
Cannabis.

=Solution of the stamens from the petals.=--A separation of the stamens
from the petals in flowers, wherein those organs are usually adherent
one to the other does not often occur unattended by other changes. It
has been observed in _Cobaea scandens_ (Turpin), in _Antirrhinum majus_,
and in many double flowers.

Partial detachment of the stamens from the styles occurs frequently in
semi-double flowers of _Orchis_.[89]

FOOTNOTES:

[85] 'Gard. Chron.,' 1865, p. 554; 1867, p. 599.

[86] 'Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.' 1854, p. 303.

[87] Hook et Thoms, 'Praecurs. ad Flor. Ind.,' Journ. Linn. Soc., vol.
ii, 1858, p. 6.

[88] Lindley, 'Veget. Kingd.,' p. 315.

[89]