e preceding. I have met with it, amongst other plants,
frequently in _Brassica oleracea_, _Pelargonium zonale_, SCABIOSA,
BELLIS, and many other composites, also in _Leguminosae_, e.g. _Lupinus_,
_Trifolium_, _Coronilla_, &c. Prof. Oliver forwarded me a specimen of
_Euphorbia geniculata_ in which, in addition to other changes, there was
a series of stalked buds bearing tufts of green scales, but without any
trace of stamens or pistil; these adventitious buds occurred within the
ordinary involucre of the plant, between it and the stamens. The pistil
was unaffected in some cases, while in some others it was entirely
wanting, the gynophore being surmounted by a cup-like involucre, divided
into three acutely pointed lobes, each with a midrib; these encircled a
series of stalked involucels, as before, and among which were scattered
a few stamens, some perfect, others partially frondescent.

In a specimen of _Scrophularia nodosa_ examined by me one of the lateral
buds on each of the cymes was represented, not by a flower, but by a
tuft of leaves, the other buds being unchanged. As the inflorescence was
much contracted in size, the appearance of the whole plant was greatly
changed.

Many of the instances of so-called viviparous plants, _e.g._, _Polygonum
viviparum_, may be cited under this head.[112] Many species of _Allium_,
_Lilium_, _Saxifraga_, _Begonia_, _Achimenes_, normally produce
leaf-buds or bulbs in the inflorescence; so, too, leafy shoots are
sometimes found in _Alisma natans_, _Juncus uliginosus_, _Chlorophytum
Sternbergianum_, &c. As an accidental occurrence, a similar thing has
been noticed in _Lychnis coronaria_, _Phaius grandifolius_, _Oncidium
cebolleta_, _Epidendrum elongatum_,[113] &c. &c.

Here, too, may be mentioned those cases wherein a leaf-bud is found upon
the surface of the so-called inferior ovary; generally a leaf only is
found, but a leaf-bud may also originate in this situation, and in
either case the inference is that the ovary is, in part at least, made
of the dilated and hollowed axis. Leaves may occasionally be found in
this way on the so-called calyx-tube or on the inferior ovaries of
roses, pears, apples, _Pereskia_, _Crataegus tanacetifolia_, &c.

The fruits of _Opuntia Salmania_ and of _O. fragilis_ ('Bull. Soc. Bot.
France,' vol. i, p. 306; vol. v, p. 115) have been observed to form
small fruit-like branches around their summits. This circumstance is
more fully treated of in the succe