. xi, 35. Brongniart,
'Ann. Sc. Nat.,' 1834, ser. 2. i, p. 308. Alph. De Candolle,
'Neue Denkschrift der Allg. Schweizer Gesellsch.,' Band v.
1841, p. 9. Duchartre, 'Ann. Sc. Nat.,' 3rd ser., 1844, vol.
ii, p. 290. Ibid., 'Elem. Bot.,' p. 574; 'Rev. Bot.,' 1846-7,
p. 213. Babington, 'Gard. Chron.,' 1844, p. 557. Lindley,
'Elements,' p. 89; 'Veg. King.,' pp. 313, 497, &c. Berkeley,
'Gard. Chron.,' 1850, p. 612. Unger, 'Nov. Act. Acad. Nat.
Cur.,' 1850; and in Henfrey's, 'Bot. Gazette,' 1851, p. 70.
Schleiden, 'Principles,' English edit., p. 385. Payer, 'Elem.
Bot.,' pp. 196, 211, 224. Baillon, 'Adansonia.' iii, p. 310.
tab. iv. Cramer, 'Bildungsabweichungen,' p. 20, &c. Clos, 'Ann.
Sc. Nat.,' 5th ser., iii, 313, as well as any of the general
treatises on botany. Reference may also be made to the chapters
on Prolification and Substitutions (in the case of the carpels
and ovules), and to the authorities therein cited.

FOOTNOTES:

[90] 'Tijdschr. voor. nat. Gesch.,' viii, 1841. tab. ii, p. 178.

[91] Communication to the Internat. Bot. Congress, Paris, 1867.

[92] 'Bot. Zeit.,' 1859, p. 117, tab. v.

[93] 'Ann. Sc. Nat.,' ser. 2, vol. iv, 1835, p. 143. tab. v.

[94] See Kirschleger, 'Flora.' 1844. p. 566 (_Scabiosa_).

[95] 'Bull. Acad. Belg.,' t. xvii. part ii, p. 387.

[96] 'Clos. Mem. Acad. Toulouse,' 5th ser., t. vi. pp. 51, 70.

[97] 'Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg.,' xviii. part ii, p. 505, and vol. xvii,
part i, p. 196, and vol. xix. part i. p. 260.

[98] See also Schlechtendal, 'Bot. Zeit.,' iv, p. 804. _Primula veris,
partibus perigonii spirae in modum confluentibus._

[99] Seemann's 'Journal of Botany,' vol. v, 1867, p. 158.

[100] 'Journ. Linn. Soc.,' i, 1857, p. 161. _c. xylog._

[101] 'Adansonia,' ii, 306.

[102] 'Adansonia,' iv, p. 70, t. i.

[103] Henfrey's 'Bot. Gazette,' i, 265.

CHAPTER II.

PROLIFICATION.

Moquin-Tandon and other writers have classed the production of buds in
unwonted situations under the head of multiplication, but, as the
altered arrangement is of graver import than the mere increase in
number, it seems preferable to place these cases under this heading
rather than under that of alterations of number.

The adventitious bud may be a leaf-bud or a flower-bud; it may occupy
the centre of a flower, thus terminating the axis, or it may be axillary
to some or other of its component parts, or, ag