only being much larger than
ordinary, but brightly coloured, thus assuming some of the
characteristics as well as the position of the inflorescence.

Alterations in the usual arrangement of leaves, however, are not always
dependent on or coexistent with other teratological changes, but may
simply depend on a natural elongation of the internodes, or on fission
or multiplication; for instance, in some conifers, such as the Larch,
(_Abies Larix_) or _Pinus pinea_, there may be found at different stages
in the growth of the branches leaves in crowded fascicles or tufts;
while, when growth is more rapid, the leaves may be disposed in a spiral
or alternate manner.

In the yew (_Taxus_) the leaves at the ends of the shoots not
unfrequently lose their usual distichous arrangement and become arranged
in a close spiral manner, the elongation of the shoot being arrested.
This appears to be the result of the injury effected by some insect.

[Illustration: FIG. 42.--Altered arrangement of leaves of yew, _Taxus
baccata_.]

So, too, the alteration from verticillate to spiral, or _vice versa_,
may take place without any other notable change.[96] This may frequently
be seen in Rhododendrons.

=Displacement of the parts of the flower.=--This subject is partly
touched on in the chapters on solution, adhesion, and in those on
hypertrophy, elongation, prolification, &c., so that in this place it is
only requisite to offer a few general remarks, and to refer to other
sections for further details. Morren, in referring to displacement of
the floral organs, mentions an instance in a _Fuchsia_, wherein the four
petals in place of being alternate with the sepals were placed in front
of them, owing to the adhesion that had taken place between the petals
and the stamens. He speaks of this transposition as metaphery.[97] The
same author also gives an account of the displacement of several of the
organs of the flower in _Cypripedium insigne_, the displacement being
consequent, apparently, on a spiral torsion proceeding from right to
left, and involving the complete or partial suppression of several of
the organs of the flower. The dislocation of organs in a spiral
direction led Morren to apply the term "speiranthie" to similar
deviations from the usual construction. Changes of this kind among
_Orchidaceae_ are by no means uncommon; the following may be cited by way
of illustration. In a specimen of _Oncidium cucullatum_ furnished me by
Mr. Ande