1000 paces = 1 mile.
4 miles = 1 league.

[1] See (_Dupre de St. Maur_) _Essai sur les Monnoies, &c._
Paris, 1746, p. xv; and _Douet d'Arcq_, pp. 5, 15, &c.

[2] He takes the _silver value_ of the gros Tournois (the _sol_
of the system) at 0.8924 _fr._, whence the Livre = 17.849
_fr._ And the _gold value_ of the golden _Agnel_, which
passed for 12-1/2 _sols Tournois_, is 14.1743 _fr._ Whence
the Livre = 22.6789 _fr._ Mean = 20.2639 _fr._

[3] The Mark was 2/3 of a pound. The English POUND STERLING of the period
was in silver value = 3_l._ 5_s._ 2_d._ Hence the MARK
= 2_l._ 3_s._ 5.44_d._ The Cologne Mark, according to
Pegolotti, was the same, and the Venice Mark of silver was = 1 English
Tower Mark + 3-1/2 sterlings (i.e. pence of the period), =
therefore to 2_l._ 4_s._ 4.84_d._ The French Mark of
Silver, according to Dupre de St. Maur, was about 3 Livres, presumably
Tournois, and therefore 2_l._ 2_s._ 11-1/2_d._

[4] _Cibrario, Pol. Ec. del Med. Evo._ III. 228. The GOLD FLORIN of
Florence was worth a fraction more = 9_s._ 4.85_d._

Sign. Desimoni, of Genoa, obligingly points out that the changed
relation of Gold ducat and silver _grosso_ was due to a general
rise in price of gold between 1284 and 1302, shown by notices of other
Italian mints which raise the equation of the gold florin in the same
ratio, viz. from 9 _sols tournois_ to 12.

[5] For 1/18 of the florin will be 6.23_d._, and deducting 1/6, as
pointed out above, we have 4.99_d._ as the value of the
_grosso_.

I have a note that the _grosso_ contained 42-88/144 Venice grains of
pure silver. If the Venice grain be the same as the old Milan grain
(.051 _grammes_) this will give exactly the same value of 5_d._

[6] Also called, according to Romanin, _Lira d'imprestidi_. See
Introd. Essay in vol. i. p. 66.

[7] It is not too universally known to be worth noting that our L. s. d.
represents _Livres, sois, deniers_.

[8] He also states the grosso to have been worth 32 _piccoli_, which
is consistent with this and the two preceding statements. For at 3.2
_lire_ to the ducat the latter would = 768 piccoli, and 1/24 of
this = 32 piccoli. Pegolotti also assigns 24 grossi to the ducat (p.
151).

The tendency of these _Lire_, as of pounds generally, was to
degenerate in value. In Uzzano (1440) we find the Ducat equivale