were indubitably hippopotamus-teeth, which form a
considerable article of export from Zanzibar[8] (not Madagascar). Burton
speaks of their reaching 12 lbs in weight. And Cosmas tells us: "The
hippopotamus I have not seen indeed, but I had some great teeth of his
_that weighed thirteen pounds_, which I sold here (in Alexandria). And I
have seen many such teeth in Ethiopia and in Egypt." (See _J.R.G.S._
XXIX. 444; _Cathay_, p. clxxv.)

[1] Bretschneider, _On the knowledge possessed by the Ancient Chinese of
the Arabs_, etc. London, 1871, p. 21.

[2] Mas'udi speaks of an island _Kanbalu_, well cultivated and populous,
one or two days from the Zinj coast, and the object of voyages from
Oman, from which it was about 500 parasangs distant. It was conquered
by the Arabs, who captured the whole Zinj population of the island,
about the beginning of the Abasside Dynasty (circa A.D. 750). Barbier
de Meynard thinks this may be Madagascar. I suspect it rather to be
_Pemba_, (See _Prairies d'Or_, I. 205, 232, and III. 31.)

[3] "_De la grandeza de una bota d'anfora_." The lowest estimate that I
find of the Venetian anfora makes it equal to about 108 imperial
gallons, a little less than the English butt. This seems intended. The
_ancient_ amphora would be more reasonable, being only 5.66 gallons.

[4] The friend who noted this for me, omitted to name the Society.

[5] I got the indication of this poem, I think, in Bochart. But I have
since observed that its coincidences with Sindbad are briefly noticed
by Mr. Lane (ed. 1859, III. 78) from an article in the "_Foreign
Quarterly Review_."

[6] An intelligent writer, speaking of such effects on the same sea, says:
"The boats floating on a calm sea, at a distance from the ship, were
magnified to a great size; the crew standing up in them appeared as
masts or trees, and their arms in motion as the wings of windmills;
whilst the surrounding islands (especially at their low and tapered
extremities) seemed to be suspended in the air, some feet above the
ocean's level." (_Bennett's Whaling Voyage_, II. 71-72.)

[7] An epithet of the _Garuda_ is _Gajakurmasin_,
"elephant-cum-tortoise-devourer," because said to have swallowed both
when engaged in a contest with each other.

[8] The name as pronounced seems to have been _Zangibar_ (hard _g_), which
polite Arabic changed into _Zanjibar_, whence the Por