He took, in fact, an active part in the rising of 1559 and
was commissioned by the Congregation to solicit the help of the English
government through Sir Ralph Sadleir at Berwick. He was also selected one
of the Scots representatives to negotiate with the duke of Norfolk in
February 1560. In 1563 he was restored to his office as lord of session,
and was one of those appointed by the General Assembly to revise the _Book
of Discipline_. He was one of Bothwell's judges for the murder of Darnley
in 1567, and in 1568 he accompanied Moray to the York inquiry into Queen
Mary's guilt. He resigned his judicial office in 1574, and died in 1579 at
Edinburgh. He has been claimed as a Scots bard on the strength of one
ballad, "O gallandis all, I cry and call," which is printed in Allan
Ramsay's _Evergreen_ (2 vols. 1724-1727).

See _Letters and Papers of Henry VIII._ (1540-1545); Bain's and Thorp's
_Cal. of Scottish State-Papers_; English _Domestic and Foreign Cals._;
_Acts of Engl. Privy Council_; _Reg. P.C._, Scotland; _Reg. Great Seal of
Scotland_; _Hamilton Papers_; _Border Papers_; Knox, _Works_; Burnet,
_Reformation_; Froude, _Hist._

(A. F. P.)

BALNEOTHERAPEUTICS (Lat. _balneum_, a bath, and Gr. [Greek: therapeuein],
to treat medically). The medical treatment of disease by internal and
external use of mineral waters is quite distinct from "hydrotherapy," or
the therapeutic uses of pure water. But the term "balneotherapeutics" has
gradually come to be applied to everything relating to spa treatment,
including the drinking of waters and the use of hot baths and natural
vapour baths, as well as of the various kinds of mud and sand used for hot
applications. The principal constituents found in mineral waters are
sodium, magnesium, calcium and iron, in combination with the acids to form
chlorides, sulphates, sulphides and carbonates. Other substances
occasionally present in sufficient quantity to exert a therapeutic
influence are arsenic, lithium, potassium, manganese, bromine, iodine, &c.
The chief gases in solution are oxygen, nitrogen, carbonic acid and
sulphuretted hydrogen. Argon and helium occur in some of the "simple
thermal" and "thermal sulphur waters." There are few doctors who would deny
the great value of special bathing and drinking cures in certain morbid
conditions. In the employment of the various mineral waters, many of the
spas adopt special means by which they increase or modify their influence,
_e.g._ the s