rty and contempt.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 101: If this is obscure, the fault is Plutarch's. His word
for Fortune is [Greek: tuche] which he has often used in the Life of
Sulla. The word for Spontaneity is [Greek: to automaton], the
Self-moved. The word for Elemental things is [Greek: ta hupokeimena] .
The word [Greek: hupokeimenon] is used by Aristotle to signify both
the thing of which something is predicated, the Subject of
grammarians, and for the Substance, which is as it were the substratum
on which actions operate. Aristotle (_Metaphys._ vi. vii. 3) says
"Essence ([Greek: ousia]) or Being is predicated, if not in many ways,
in four at least; for the formal cause ([Greek: to ti en einai]), and
the universal, and genus appear to be the essence of everything; and
the fourth of these is the Substance ([Greek: to hupokeimenon]). And
the Substance is that of which the rest are predicated, but it is not
predicated of any other thing. And Essence seems to be especially the
first Substance; and such, in a manner, matter ([Greek: hule]) is said
to be; and in another manner, form; and in a third, that which is from
these. And I mean by matter ([Greek: hule]), copper, for instance; and
by form, the figure of the idea; and by that which is from them, the
statue in the whole," &c. I have translated [Greek: to ti en einai] by
"formal cause," as Thomas Taylor has done, and according to the
explanation of Trendelenburg, in his edition of Aristotle _On the
Soul_, i. 1, Sec. 2. It is not my business to explain Aristotle, but to
give some clue to the meaning of Plutarch.

The word "accidentally" ([Greek: kata tuchen]) is opposed to
"forethought" ([Greek: pronoia]), "design," "providence." How Plutarch
conceived Fortune, I do not know; nor do I know what Fortune and
Chance mean in any language. But the nature of the contrast which he
intends is sufficiently clear for his purpose.]

[Footnote 102: As to Attes, as Pausanias (vii. 17) names him, his
history is given by Pausanias. There appears to be some confusion in
his story. Herodotus (i. 36) has a story of an Atys, a son of Croesus,
who was killed while hunting a wild boar; and Adonis, the favourite of
Venus, was killed by a wild boar. It is not known who this Arcadian
Atteus was.

Actaeon saw Diana naked while she was bathing, and was turned by her
into a deer and devoured by his dogs. (Apollodorus, _Biblioth_. iii.
4; Ovidius, _Metamorph_. iii. 155.) The story of the other Act