A variety of canna bearing bright red flowers.

_tertiary brethren_: Members of a lay society affiliated with a
regular monastic order, especially the Venerable Tertiary Order of
the Franciscans.

_timbain_: The "water-cure," and hence, any kind of torture. The
primary meaning is "to draw water from a well," from _timba_, pail.

_tikbalang_: An evil spirit, capable of assuming various forms,
but said to appear usually in the shape of a tall black man with
disproportionately long legs: the "bogey man" of Tagalog children.

_tulisan_: Outlaw, bandit. Under the old regime in the Philippines the
tulisanes were those who, on account of real or fancied grievances
against the authorities, or from fear of punishment for crime,
or from an instinctive desire to return to primitive simplicity,
foreswore life in the towns "under the bell," and made their homes
in the mountains or other remote places. Gathered in small bands with
such arms as they could secure, they sustained themselves by highway
robbery and the levying of blackmail from the country folk.

_zacate_: Native grass used for feeding livestock.

NOTES

[1] Quoted by Macaulay: _Essay on the Succession in Spain_.

[2] The ruins of the _Fuerza de Playa Honda, o Real de Paynaven_, are
still to be seen in the present municipality of Botolan, Zambales. The
walls are overgrown with rank vegetation, but are well preserved, with
the exception of a portion looking toward the Bankal River, which has
been undermined by the currents and has fallen intact into the stream.

[3] _Relation of the Zambals_, by Domingo Perez, O.P.; manuscript
dated 1680. The excerpts are taken from the translation in Blair and
Robertson, _The Philippine Islands_, Vol. XLVII, by courtesy of the
Arthur H. Clark Company, Cleveland, Ohio.

[4] _"Estadismo de las Islas Filipinas, o Mis Viages por Este Pais_,
por Fray Joaquin Martinez de Zuniga, Agustino calzado." Padre Zuniga
was a parish priest in several towns and later Provincial of his
Order. He wrote a history of the conquest, and in 1800 accompanied
Alava, the _General de Marina_, on his tours of investigation looking
toward preparations for the defense of the islands against another
attack of the British, with whom war threatened. The _Estadismo_,
which is a record of these journeys, with some account of the rest of
the islands, remained in manuscript until 1893, when it was published
in Madrid.

[5] Secular, as distinguished from