ed
to the less critical taste of past centuries. The verses are written
by the natives, among whom there are many poets, this art being less
difficult in Tagalog than in any other language."--TR.

[105] "The old man of the village," patriarch.--TR.

[106] The secular name of St. Francis of Assisi, founder of the
Franciscan order.--TR.

[107] A Spanish official, author of several works relating to the
Philippines, one of which, _Recuerdos de Filipinas_ (Madrid, 1877 and
1880), a loose series of sketches and impressions giving anything but
a complimentary picture of the character and conduct of the Spaniards
in the Islands, and in a rather naive and perhaps unintentional way
throwing some lurid side-lights on the governmental administration
and the friar regime,--enjoyed the distinction of being officially
prohibited from circulation in the archipelago.--TR.

[108] "_Magcanta-ca!_" "(You) sing!"--TR.

[109] Europea: European woman.--TR.

[110] In 1527-29 _Alvaro_ de Saavedra led an unsuccessful expedition to
take possession of the "Western Isles." The name "Filipina," in honor
of the Prince of the Asturias, afterwards Felipe II (Philip II), was
first applied to what is probably the present island of Leyte by Ruy
Lopez de Villalobos, who led another unsuccessful expedition thither
in 1542-43, this name being later extended to the whole group.--TR.

[111] A barrio of Tanawan, Batangas, noted for the manufacture of
horsewhips.--TR.

[112] The actors named were real persons. Ratia was a Spanish-Filipino
who acquired quite a reputation not only in Manila but also in
Spain. He died in Manila in 1910.--TR.

[113] In the year 1879.--_Author's note_.

[114] A similar incident occurred in Kalamba.--_Author's note_.

[115] "The Maid of Saragossa," noted for her heroic exploits during
the siege of that city by the French in 1808-09.--TR.

[116] A region in southwestern Spain, including the provinces of
Badajoz and Caceres.--TR.

[117] Author of a little book of fables in Castilian verse for the
use of schools. The fable of the young philosopher illustrates the
thought in Pope's well-known lines:

"Vice is a monster of so frightful mien,
As to be hated needs but to be seen;
Yet seen too oft, familiar with her face,
We first endure, then pity, then embrace."--TR.

[118] Bones for those who come late.

[119] According to Spanish custom, a matron is known by prefixing
her maiden name with _de_ (