the regulars, i.e., members of
the monastic orders.

[6] Sinibaldo de Mas, _Informe sobre el estado de las Islas Filipinas
en 1842_, translated in Blair and Robertson's _The Philippine Islands_,
Vol. XXVIII, p. 254.

[7] _Sic_. St. John xx, 17.

[8] This letter in the original French in which it was written is
reproduced in the _Vida y Escritos del Dr. Jose Rizal_, by W. E. Retana
(Madrid, 1907).

[9] _Filipinas dentro de Cien Anos_, published in the organ of the
Filipinos in Spain, _La Solidaridad_, in 1889-90. This is the most
studied of Rizal's purely political writings, and the completest
exposition of his views concerning the Philippines.

[10] An English version of _El Filibusterismo_, under the title _The
Reign of Greed_, has been prepared to accompany the present work.

[11] "Que todo el monte era oregano." W.E. Retana, in the appendix to
Fray Martinez de Zuniga's _Estadismo_, Madrid, 1893, where the decree
is quoted. The rest of this comment of Retana's deserves quotation
as an estimate of the living man by a Spanish publicist who was at
the time in the employ of the friars and contemptuously hostile
to Rizal, but who has since 1898 been giving quite a spectacular
demonstration of waving a red light after the wreck, having become his
most enthusiastic, almost hysterical, biographer: "Rizal is what is
commonly called a character, but he has repeatedly demonstrated very
great inexperience in the affairs of life. I believe him to be now
about thirty-two years old. He is the Indian of most ability among
those who have written."

[12] From Valenzuela's deposition before the military tribunal,
September sixth, 1896.

[13] _Capilla_: the Spanish practise is to place a condemned person
for the twenty-four hours preceding his execution in a _chapel_, or
a cell fitted up as such, where he may devote himself to religious
exercises and receive the final ministrations of the Church.

[14] But even this conclusion is open to doubt: there is no proof
beyond the unsupported statement of the Jesuits that he made a written
retraction, which was later destroyed, though why a document so
interesting, and so important in support of their own point of view,
should not have been preserved furnishes an illuminating commentary
on the whole confused affair. The only unofficial witness present was
the condemned man's sister, and her declaration, that she was at the
time in such a state of excitement and distress that she is