, and sound _pite_ as _pit_.

86. "He soon _returned back_:" leave out _back_, which is implied by _re_
in _returned_.

87. "The ship looked like a speck on the edge of the _horizon_:" pronounce
_horizon_ with the accent on _ri_, and not on _hor_, which is often the
case.

88. "They were early at the _sepulchre_:" pronounce _sepulchre_ with the
accent on _sep_, and not on the second syllable.

89. "I have often _swam_ across the Hudson:" say, _swum_.

90. "I found my friend better than I expected _to have found him_:" say,
_to find him_.

91. "I intended _to have written_ a letter yesterday:" say, _to write_; as
however long it now is since I thought of writing, "_to write_" was then
present to me, and must still be considered as present, when I recall that
time and the thoughts of it.

92. _Superfluous R's_: Many persons pronounce words which have no letter
_r_ in them, exactly as though they had; as _drawring_ for _drawing_; "I
_sawr_ Thomas," for "I _saw_," &c. Some who do not insert a full-toned
_r_, do worse by appending an _ah_ to almost every word they utter. They
would do well to recall the reproof which the excellent Rev. John Gruber
administered to a brother in the ministry, who was guilty of this habit.
That eccentric clergyman addressed a note to his friend, as follows:
"Dear-ah Sir-ah--When-ah you-ah speak-ah in-ah public-ah, take-ah my-ah
ad-ah-vice-ah and-ah never-ah say-ah _ah-ah_!--JOHN-AH GRUBER-AH."

93. _Shall_ and _will_ are often confounded, or misused. The following
suggestion will be of service to the reader: mere _futurity_ is expressed
by _shall_ in the _first_ person, and by _will_ in the _second_ and
_third_; the _determination_ of the speaker by _will_, in the _first_, and
_shall_, in the _second_ and _third_. For example: "_I shall go by the way
of Halifax_," simply expresses an event about to take place--as also _you
will_, and _they will_: _I will_ expresses determination--as also _you
shall_ and _they shall_. Brightland has the following illustrative stanza:

"In the first person simply _shall_ foretells;
In _will_ a threat, or else a promise, dwells.
_Shall_, in the second and the third, does threat;--
_Will_, simply, then, foretells the future feat."

94. "_Without_ the grammatical form of a word can be recognized at a
glance, little progress can be made in reading the language:" [from a work
on the study of the Latin language:] say, _Unless_ the grammatical, &c.
Th