------+---------------------------------
University of| 2,033 | 2,438 |_Proceedings_,
Wisconsin. | | |Am. Soc. for Testing Materials,
| | |Vol. IX, 1909, p. 477.
--------------+--------+--------------+---------------------------------

In referring, in the next paragraph, to Mr. Withey's tests at the
University of Wisconsin, Mr. Godfrey selects for his comparison two
groups of concrete which are not comparable. Mr. Withey, in the paper
describing the tests, refers to two groups of plain concrete columns,
_A1_ to _A4_, and _W1_ to _W3_. He speaks of the uniformity in the tests
of the former group, the maximum variation in the four specimens being
only 2%, but states, with reference to columns, _W1_ to _W3_, that:

"As these 3 columns were made of a concrete much superior to that
in any of the other columns made from 1:2:4 or 1:2:3-1/2 mix, they
cannot satisfactorily be compared with them. Failures of all plain
columns were sudden and without any warning."

Now, Mr. Godfrey, instead of taking columns _A1_ to _A3_, selects for
his comparison _W1_ to _W3_, made, as Mr. Withey distinctly states, with
an especially superior concrete. Taking columns, _A1_ to _A3_, for
comparison with the reinforced columns, _E1_ to _E3_, the result shows
an average of 2,033 for the plain columns and 2,438 for the reinforced
columns.

Again, taking the third series of tests referred to by Mr. Godfrey,
those at Minneapolis, Minn., it is to be noticed that he selects for his
criticism a column which has this note as to the manner of failure:
"Bending at center (bad batch of concrete at this point)." Furthermore,
the column is only 9 by 9 in., and square, and the stress referred to is
calculated on the full section of the column instead of on the strength
within the hooping, although the latter method is the general practice
in a hooped column. The inaccuracy of this is shown by the fact that,
with this small size of square column, more than half the area is
outside the hooping and never taken into account in theoretical
computations. A fair comparison, as far as longitudinal reinforcement is
concerned, is always between the two plain columns and the six columns,
_E_, _D_, and _F_. The results are so instructive that a letter[Q] by
the writer is quoted in full as follows:

"SIR:--

"In view of the fact that the column tests at Minneapolis, as