all the
diagonal tension." * * * "Stirrups do not come into action, at
least not to any great extent, until the diagonal crack has
formed."

In view of these quotations, the misleading part of the reference to the
tests and their conclusion is not so evident.

The practical tests on beams with suspension rods in them, referred to
by Mr. Porter, show entirely different results from those mentioned by
Mr. Goodrich as being made by Moersch. Tests on beams of this sort, which
are available in America, seem to show excellent results.

Mr. Goodrich is somewhat unjust in attributing failures to designs which
are practically in accordance with the suggestions under Point Seven. In
Point Seven the juggling of bending moments is condemned--it is
condemnation of methods of calculating. Point Seven recommends
reinforcing a beam for its simple beam moment. This is the greatest
bending it could possibly receive, and it is inconceivable that failure
could be due to this suggestion. Point Seven recommends a reasonable
reinforcement over the support. This is a matter for the judgment of the
designer or a rule in specifications. Failure could scarcely be
attributed to this. It is the writer's practice to use reinforcement
equal to one-half of the main reinforcement of the beam across the
support; it is also his practice to curve up a part of the beam
reinforcement and run it into the next span in all beams needing
reinforcement for shear; but the paper was not intended to be a treatise
on, nor yet a general discussion of, reinforced concrete design.

Mr. Goodrich characterizes the writer's method of calculating reinforced
concrete chimneys as crude. It is not any more crude than concrete. The
ultra-theoretic methods are just about as appropriate as calculations of
the area of a circle to hundredths of a square inch from a paced-off
diameter. The same may be said of deflection calculations.

Mr. Goodrich has also appreciated the writer's spirit in presenting this
paper. Attention to details of construction has placed structural steel
designing on the high plane on which it stands. Reinforced concrete
needs the same careful working out of details before it can claim the
same recognition. It also needs some simplification of formulas. Witness
the intricate column formulas for steelwork which have been buried, and
even now some of the complex beam formulas for reinforced concrete have
passed away.

Major Sewell, in his