four-sided: formed or bounded by four lines: in
Odonata, a space on the wings of Zygoptera bounded by the lower
sector of arculus, the sub-median vein, a cross-vein between these
two, and the lower part of arculus.

Queen: the actively reproducing female among worker insects.

Quiescent: not active: applied to the pupae in forms with complete
metamorphosis.

Quiet: subdued: not conspicuous or contrasting in color or
maculation.

R

Race: a variety of a species possessing constant characters which yet
are not specific; usually occurring in a different faunal region from the
type and may thus be geographical: nearly synonymous with
subspecies.

Racemose: like a bunch of grapes: applied to ovaries when they form
bunches or sacs.

Rachis: a ridge or keel dividing the spinning canal at base, in
caterpillars; the shank of an antennal joint into which the lateral
spines or other processes are inserted.

Radial: pertaining to the radius or radial vein.

Radial area: in Orthoptera; the space between the mediastinal (
subcosta) and radial veins: see scapular area.

Radial cells: the wing area between the radius and media; often
divided: in the plural (Comst.), are those cells anteriorly margined by
the radius or its branches.

Radial cross vein: (Comst.), is that which divides cell, radius 1.

Radial sector: in general, the lower of the two primary divisions of the
radius (Comst.): in Odonata, an indirect branch from the media, just
below and parallel with media 2.

Radial vein: in Homoptera, the first important vein next the costa
between it and ulnar: in Orthoptera, = radius (Comst.): in Diptera, =
2d longitudinal vein (Meigen), = radius 2 (Comst.).

Radiate veins: the longitudinal veins spreading fan-like in the anal
field of secondaries: = anal veins; q.v.

Radiated: marked with lines proceeding from a common centre.

Radicle or Radicula: that joint of the antenna that is articulated to the
head.

Radio-medial cross vein: connects the radial and medial systems and
usually closes the radial cell (Comst.).

Radius: (Comst.); the third of the longitudinal veins starting from
base and dividing into not more than five branches before reaching
the margin: the branches are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5,
respectively, beginning at the costal margin and extending outward
and downward.

Radix: base of wings, and their point of insertion; see pteropega.

Rami -us: branches: a branch.

Ramification: the b