that we were travelling
inside the partially-filled-up fissure between the two divided ranges.
The sky-line of the two ranges matched exactly on both sides--first a
long hump, then two smaller humps, after that a more even and continuous
line.

On reaching an elevation of 1,500 ft. we were confronted with a splendid
view of a flat plateau to the west. By a steep descent we went down 300
ft. to a river (elev. 1,200 ft. above the sea level) in a hollow, reached
by going through dense tall grass and thick vegetation. A humble wooden
cross by the stream marked the spot where a Brazilian had been murdered
by Indians.

Interesting flows and domes of lava were to be seen near the stream,
after which our marching that day was mostly up and down campos with
magnificent grazing, the general slope of which was from north to south.
At an elevation of 1,400 ft., on turning our heads back, we had a general
view of the two ranges which had become separated.

On one side of the range, a sloping back was noticeable, whereas on the
opposite side were almost vertical sides, much grooved, with a terrace
about two-thirds up the total elevation, except at the western end, where
the terrace was instead exactly half way up, with a minor terrace near
the summit.

We met and crossed another streamlet, and then rose on our route to 1,550
ft., from where another beautiful view of the plateau to the south-west
could be obtained, a low hill range with a higher peak in front of it,
and the immense green campos at a slanting angle. Another fine panoramic
view of the two divided ranges was also before us, although from that
particular point of vantage it was slightly more difficult to reconstruct
their former appearance in one's imagination than from the centre of the
valley we had crossed, although even from that point the fact was
apparent with a little study.

On proceeding down to the river we met some flows of red lava and, upon
the top of nearly every undulation, boulders of black eruptive rock
showed through, highly ferruginous, as well as much lava in pellets.
Debris of baked red and black rock were to be found in quantities down
the slopes and at the bottom of those undulations, carried there
evidently by water. In one or two places, such as near the river at Ponte
Keimada, I smashed some of the larger boulders of yellow lava. Here is
what I found inside: Under an outer coating of lava an inch thick there
was a layer of solidified cinder