of the European Linden.]

Form and size: The American Linden is a medium-sized tree with a broad
round head.

Range: Eastern North America and more common in the north than in the
south.

Soil and location: Requires a rich, moist soil.

[Illustration: FIG. 79.--European Linden Tree.]

[Illustration: FIG. 80.--Bud of the Umbrella Tree.]

Enemies: Its leaves are a favorite food of caterpillars and its wood is
frequently attacked by a boring insect known as the _linden borer_
(_Saperda vestita_).

Value for planting: The linden is easily transplanted and grows rapidly.
It is used for lawn and street planting but is less desirable for these
purposes than the European species.

Commercial value: The wood is light and soft and used for paper pulp,
woodenware, cooperage and furniture. The tree is a favorite with bee
keepers on account of the large quantities of nectar contained in
its flowers.

Other characters: The _fruit_ is like a pea, gray and woody. The
_flowers_ appear in early July, are greenish-yellow and very
fragrant.

Other common names: _Bass-wood_; _lime-tree_; _whitewood_.

Comparisons: The _European lindens_, Fig. 79, of which there are several
species under cultivation, differ from the native species in having
buds and leaves smaller in size, more numerous and darker in color.

THE MAGNOLIAS

The various species of magnolia trees are readily distinguished by their
buds. They all prefer moist, rich soil and have their principal value as
decorative trees on the lawn. They are distinctly southern trees; some
species under cultivation in the United States come from Asia, but the
two most commonly grown in the Eastern States are the cucumber tree and
the umbrella tree.

[Illustration: FIG. 81.--Bark of the Black Locust.]

CUCUMBER TREE (_Magnolia acuminata_)

Distinguishing characters: The *buds* are _small_ and _slender_ compared
with those of the other magnolia trees and are _covered_ with small
silvery silky _hairs_. The *habit* of the tree is to form a straight
axis of great height with a symmetrical mass of branches, producing
a perfect monopodial crown. The tree is sometimes known as _mountain
magnolia_.

UMBRELLA TREE (_Magnolia tripetala_)

Distinguishing characters: The _buds_, Fig. 80, are extremely _long_,
often one and a half inches, have a _purple color_ and _are smooth_.
The tree does not grow to large