oticed (ibid. p. 356). These two places are at
Raipur hill, and on the Kaimur sandstone, about two miles to the
north-west. No doubt these two hills are outliers of the Central
India spread of laterite, which has been traced as far as Sipri,
about sixty miles south of the Raipur hill (Hacket, _Geology of
Gwalior and Vicinity_, in _Records of Geol. Survey of India_, vol.
iii, p. 41). The geology of Gwalior is also discussed in Mallet's
paper entitled 'Sketch of the Geology of Scindia's Territories'
(_Records_, vol. viii, p. 55). Neither writer refers to the basaltic
cap of Gwalior fort hill. For the refutation of the author's theory
of the subaqueous origin of the Deccan trap see notes Chapters 14,
note 13, and Chapter 17, note 3 _ante_.

16. In the reign of Muizz-ud-din, Muhammad bin Sam, also known by the
names of Shibab-ud-din, and Muhammad Ghori. He struck billon coins at
the Gwalior mint. the correct date is A.D. 1196. The Hijri year 592
began on the 6th Dec., A.D. 1195.

17. Shams-ud-din Iltutmish, 'the greatest of the Slave Kings',
reigned from A.D. 1210 to 1235 (A.H. 607-633). He besieged Gwalior in
A.H. 629 and after eleven months' resistance captured the place in
the month Safar, A.H. 630, equivalent to Nov.-Dec. A.D. 1232. The
date given in the text is wrong. The correct name of this king is
Iltutmish (_Z.D.M.G._, vol. lxi (1907), pp. 192, 193). It is written
Altumash by the author, and Altamsh by Thomas and Cunningham. A
summary of the events of his reign, based on coins and other original
documents, is given on page 45 of Thomas, _Chronicles of the Pathan
Kings of Delhi_. Iltutmish recorded an inscription dated A.H. 630 at
Gwalior (ibid. p. 80). This inscription was seen by Babur, but has
since disappeared.

18. Ibrahim Lodi, A.D. 1517-26. He was defeated and killed by Babur
at the first battle of Panipat, A.D. 1526. the correct date of his
capture of Gwalior, according to Cunningham (_A.S.R._, vol. ii, p.
340), is 1518.

19. Humayun was son of Babur, and father of Akbar the Great. His
first reign lasted from A.D. 1530 to 1540; his second brief reign of
less than six months was terminated by an accident in January A.D.
1556. The correct date of the surrender of Gwalior to Sher Shah was
A.D. 1542, corresponding to A.H. 949 (_A. S .R._, vol. ii, p. 393),
which year began 17th April, 1542.

20. Sher Khan is generally known as Sher (or Shir) Shah. A good
summary of his career from A.D. 1528 to his death i