A.D. 1197.[16] the Hindoos regained possession, but were
again expelled by the Emperor Iltutmish, A. D. 1235.[17] the Hindoos
again got possession, and after holding it one hundred years, again
surrendered it to the forces of the Emperor Ibrahim, A.D. 1519.[18]
In 1543 it was surrendered up by the troops of the Emperor
Humayun[19] to Sher Khan, his successful competitor for the
empire.[20] It afterwards fell into the hands of a Jat chief, the
Rana of Gohad,[21] from whom it was taken by the Marathas. While in
their possession, it was invested by our troops under the command of
Major Popham; and, on the 3rd of August, 1780, taken by escalade.[22]
The party that scaled the wall was gallantly led by a very
distinguished and most promising officer, Captain Bruce, brother of
the celebrated traveller.[23]

It was made over to us by the Rana of Gohad, who had been our ally in
the war. Failing in his engagement to us, he was afterwards abandoned
to the resentment of Madhoji Sindhia, chief of the Marathas.[24] In
1783, Gwalior was invested by Madhoji Sindhia's troops, under the
command of one of the most extraordinary men that have ever figured
in Indian history, the justly celebrated General De Boigne.[25] After
many unsuccessful attempts to take it by escalade, he bought over
part of the garrison, and made himself master of the place. Gohad
itself was taken soon after in 1784; but the Rana, Chhatarpat, made
his escape. He was closely pursued, made prisoner at Karauli, and
confined in the fortress of Gwalior, where he died in the year
1785.[26] He left no son, and his claims upon Gohad devolved upon his
nephew, Kirat Singh, who, at the close of our war with the Marathas,
got from Lord Lake, in lieu of these claims, the estate of Dholpur,
situated on the left banks of the river Chambal, which is estimated
at the annual value of three hundred thousand, or three lakhs, of
rupees. He died this year, 1835, and has been succeeded by his son,
Bhagwant Singh, a lad of seventeen years of age.[27]

Notes:

1. December, 1835.

2. Throughout the northern edge of the trap country in Rajputana,
Gwalior, and Bundelkhand, dykes are rare or wanting.' (W. T.
Blandford, in _Manual of the Geology of India_, 1st ed., Part 1, p.
328.) The dykes mentioned in the text may not have been visited by
the officers of the Geological Surrey.

3. 'Basalt generally disintegrates into a reddish soil, quite
different from _regar_ in character. This reddis