, and then they are
apt to be numerous, or only from some part of it, generally the top or
the bottom. In this case they are usually few or single (_solitary_, as
in Fig. 341-343). They may be _sessile_, i. e. without stalk, or they
may be attached by a distinct stalk, the FUNICLE or FUNICULUS (Fig.
340).

[Illustration: Fig. 341. Section of the ovary of a Buttercup,
lengthwise, showing its ascending ovule.]

[Illustration: Fig. 342. Section of the ovary of Buckwheat, showing the
erect ovule.]

[Illustration: Fig. 343. Section of the ovary of Anemone, showing its
suspended ovule.]

319. Considered as to then position and direction in the ovary, they are

_Horizontal_, when they are neither turned upward nor downward, as in
Podophyllum (Fig. 326),

_Ascending_, when rising obliquely upwards, usually from the side of the
cell, not from its very base, as in the Buttercup (Fig. 341), and the
Purslane (Fig. 272),

_Erect_, when rising upright from the very base of the cell, as in the
Buckwheat (Fig. 342),

_Pendulous_, when hanging from the side or from near the top, as in the
Flax (Fig. 270), and

_Suspended_, when hanging perpendicularly from the very summit of the
cell, as in the Anemone (Fig. 343). All these terms equally apply to
seeds.

320. In structure an ovule is a pulpy mass of tissue, usually with one
or two coats or coverings. The following parts are to be noted, viz.--

KERNEL or NUCLEUS, the body of the ovule. In the Mistletoe and some
related plants, there is only this nucleus, the coats being wanting.

TEGUMENTS, or coats, sometimes only one, more commonly two. When two,
one has been called PRIMINE, the other SECUNDINE. It will serve all
purposes to call them simply outer and inner ovule coats.

ORIFICE, or FORAMEN, an opening through the coats at the organic apex of
the ovule. In the seed it is _Micropyle_.

CHALAZA, the place where the coats and the kernel of the ovule blend.

HILUM, the place of junction of the funiculus with the body of the
ovule.

[Illustration: Fig. 344. Orthotropous ovule of Buckwheat: _c_, hilum
and chalaza; _f_, orifice.]

[Illustration: Fig. 345. Campylotropous ovule of a Chickweed: _c_, hilum
and chalaza; _f_, orifice.]

[Illustration: Fig. 346. Amphitropous ovule of Mallow: _f_, orifice;
_h_, hilum; _r_, rhaphe; _c_, chalaza.]

[Illustration: Fig. 347. Anatropous ovule of a Violet, the parts
lettered as in the last.]

321. =The Kinds of Ovules.= The ovu