st always contains many or
several seeds, or at least more than one seed.

[Illustration: Fig. 371. Leafy shoot and berry (cut across) of the
larger Cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon.]

[Illustration: Fig. 372, 373. Pepo of Gourd, in section. 373. One carpel
of same in diagram.]

[Illustration: Fig. 374. Longitudinal and transverse sections of a pear
(pome).]

351. The principal kinds of fruit which have received substantive names
and are of common use in descriptive botany are the following. Of fleshy
fruits the leading kind is

352. =The Berry=, such as the gooseberry and currant, the blueberry and
cranberry (Fig. 371), the tomato, and the grape. Here the whole flesh is
soft throughout. The orange is a berry with a leathery rind.

353. =The Pepo=, or _Gourd-fruit_, is a hard-rinded berry, belonging to
the Gourd family, such as the pumpkin, squash, cucumber, and melon, Fig.
372, 373.

354. =The Pome= is a name applied to the apple, pear (Fig. 374), and
quince; fleshy fruits, like a berry, but the principal thickness is
calyx, only the papery pods arranged like a star in the core really
belonging to the carpels. The fruit of the Hawthorn is a drupaceous
pome, something between pome and drupe.

355. Of fruits which are externally fleshy and internally hard the
leading kind is

356. =The Drupe=, or _Stone-fruit_; of which the cherry, plum, and peach
(Fig. 375) are familiar examples. In this the outer part of the
thickness of the pericarp becomes fleshy, or softens like a berry, while
the inner hardens, like a nut. From the way in which the pistil is
constructed, it is evident that the fleshy part here answers to the
lower, and the stone to the upper face of the component leaf. The layers
or concentric portions of a drupe, or of any pericarp which is thus
separable, are named, when thus distinguishable into three portions,--

_Epicarp_, the external layer, often the mere skin of the fruit,

_Mesocarp_, the middle layer, which is commonly the fleshy part, and

_Endocarp_, the innermost layer, the stone. But more commonly only two
portions of a drupe are distinguished, and are named, the outer one

_Sarcocarp_ or _Exocarp_, for the flesh, the first name referring to the
fleshy character, the second to its being an external layer; and

_Putamen_ or _Endocarp_, the _Stone_, within.

[Illustration: Fig. 375. Longitudinal section of a peach, showing flesh,
stone, and seed.]

357. The typical or true drupe is o