y, either by itself, as in a cherry, or
with calyx-tube completely incorporated with it, as in a gooseberry or
cranberry.

_Aggregate_, when a cluster of carpels of the same flower are crowded
into a mass; as in raspberries and blackberries.

[Illustration: Fig. 366. Forming fruit (capsule) of Gaultheria, with
calyx thickening around its base. 367. Section of same mature, the
berry-like calyx nearly enclosing the capsule.]

[Illustration: Fig. 368. Section of a part of a strawberry. Compare with
Fig. 360.]

[Illustration: Fig. 369. Similar section of part of a blackberry. 370.
One of its component simple fruits (drupe) in section, showing the pulp,
stone, and contained seed; more enlarged. Compare with Fig. 375.]

_Accessory_ or _Anthocarpous_, when the surroundings or supports of the
pistil make up a part of the mass; as does the loose calyx changed into
a fleshy and berry-like envelope of our Wintergreen (Gaultheria, Fig.
366, 367) and Buffalo-berry, which are otherwise simple fruits. In an
aggregate fruit such as the strawberry the great mass is receptacle
(Fig. 360, 368); and in the blackberry (Fig. 369) the juicy receptacle
forms the central part of the savory mass.

_Multiple_ or _Collective_, when formed from several flowers
consolidated into one mass, of which the common receptacle or axis of
inflorescence, the floral envelopes, and even the bracts, etc., make a
part. A mulberry (Fig. 408, which superficially much resembles a
blackberry) is of this multiple sort. A pine-apple is another example.

349. In respect to texture or consistence, fruits may be distinguished
into three kinds, viz.--

_Fleshy Fruits_, those which are more or less soft and juicy throughout;

_Stone Fruits_, or _Drupaceous_, the outer part fleshy like a berry,
the inner hard or stony, like a nut; and

_Dry Fruits_, those which have no flesh or pulp.

350. In reference to the way of disseminating the contained seed, fruits
are said to be

_Indehiscent_ when they do not open at maturity. Fleshy fruits and stone
fruits are of course indehiscent. The seed becomes free only through
decay or by being fed upon by animals. Those which escape digestion are
thus disseminated by the latter. Of dry fruits many are indehiscent; and
these are variously arranged to be transported by animals. Some burst
irregularly; many are

_Dehiscent_, that is, they split open regularly along certain lines, and
discharge the seeds. A dehiscent fruit almo