a country which was as strange to them as Greenland to
Biarni." (Reeves.)

[50-1] Earl Eric ruled in Norway from 1000 to 1015.

[52-1] These two words designate positions of the sun at two points of
time. Early commentators got much more definite results from this
observation than later ones, with scientific assistance, have succeeded
in getting. Largely on the basis of it, Rafn (in _Antiquitates
Americanae_), concluded that Vinland was in Rhode Island. Both Storm and
Reeves, after detailed investigation, declare that it cannot be shown
from this passage how far to the south Vinland was located. Captain
Phythian, U.S.N., who has given the question careful consideration, says:
"The data furnished are not sufficiently definite to warrant a more
positive assertion than that the explorers could not have been, when the
record was made, farther north than Lat. [say] 49 deg.." See Reeves, p. 181,
(66).

[56-1] Evidently an incorrect statement. _Landnama-bok_, the authority on
genealogical matters, says: "His son was Thorbiorn, father of Gudrid who
married Thorstein, son of Eric the Red, and afterwards Thorfinn
Karlsefni." Thori Eastman (the Norwegian) is not mentioned in the
_Landnama-bok_.

[62-1] This cruel virago plays a much less conspicuous part in the
version of Hauk's Book and AM. 557.

[65-1] "A weather-vane, or other ornament at the point of the gable of a
house or upon a ship." (Fritzner.)

FROM ADAM OF BREMEN'S[67-1] DESCRIPTIO INSULARUM AQUILONIS

Moreover he[67-2] spoke of an island in that ocean[67-3] discovered by
many, which is called Vinland, for the reason that vines grow wild there,
which yield the best of wine. Moreover that grain unsown[67-4] grows
there abundantly, is not a fabulous fancy, but, from the accounts of the
Danes, we know to be a fact. Beyond this island, it is said, that there
is no habitable land in that ocean, but all those regions which are
beyond are filled with insupportable ice and boundless gloom, to which
Martian thus refers: "One day's sail beyond Thile the sea is frozen."
This was essayed not long since by that very enterprising Northmen's
prince, Harold,[68-1] who explored the extent of the northern ocean with
his ship, but was scarcely able by retreating to escape in safety from
the gulf's enormous abyss, where before his eyes the vanishing bounds of
earth were hidden in gloom.

FOOTNOTES:

[67-1] Adam of Bremen was a prebendary and writer on ecclesiastical
hi