reform,
free trade, and regional integration was undermined by the ethnic Albanian
insurgency of 2001. The economy shrank about 4% because of decreased
trade, intermittent border closures, increased deficit spending on
security needs, and investor uncertainty. The international community
hopes to restart growth with a donors' conference in 2002.

GDP: purchasing power parity - $9 billion (2001 est.)

GDP - real growth rate: -4% (2001 est.)

GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $4,400 (2001 est.)

GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 10% industry: 32% services:
58% (2001 est.)

Population below poverty line: 24% (2001 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%

Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5.3% (2001 est.)

Labor force: 1.1 million (2000 est.)

Labor force - by occupation: agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%

Unemployment rate: 39% (2001 est.)

Budget: revenues: $850 million expenditures: $950 million, including
capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)

Industries: coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, ferronickel, textiles,
wood products, tobacco, food processing, buses

Industrial production growth rate: -8% (2001 est.)

Electricity - production: 6.395 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 82.25% hydro: 17.75%
other: 0% (1999) nuclear: 0%

Electricity - consumption: 5.992 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - exports: 30 million kWh (1999)

Electricity - imports: 75 million kWh (1999)

Agriculture - products: rice, tobacco, wheat, corn, millet, cotton,
sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus, vegetables; beef, pork, poultry, mutton

Exports: $1.2 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)

Exports - commodities: food, beverages, tobacco; miscellaneous
manufactures, iron and steel

Exports - partners: Yugoslavia 25%, Germany 19%, US 13%, Italy 7%,
Greece 6% (2000)

Imports: $1.5 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)

Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels;
food products

Imports - partners: Germany 12%, Ukraine 10%, Greece 10%, Russia 9%,
Yugoslavia 9% (2000)

Debt - external: $1.3 billion (2001 est.)

Economic aid - recipient: $150 million (2001 est.)

Currency: Macedonian denar (MKD)

Currency code: MKD

Exchange rates: Macedonian denars per US dollar - 64.757 (January 2001),
65.904 (2000), 56.902 (1999), 54.462 (1998), 50.004 (1997)

Fiscal year: calenda