r: 1 April - 31 March

Communications Man, Isle of

Telephones - main lines in use: 51,000 (1999)

Telephones - mobile cellular: NA

Telephone system: general assessment: NA domestic: landline, telefax,
mobile cellular telephone system international: fiber-optic cable,
microwave radio relay, satellite earth station, submarine cable

Radio broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)

Radios: NA

Television broadcast stations: 0 (receives broadcasts from the UK and
satellite) (1999)

Televisions: 27,490 (1999)

Internet country code: .im

Internet Service Providers (ISPs): NA

Internet users: NA

Transportation Man, Isle of

Railways: total: 68.5 km (43.5 km electrified) (2001)

Highways: total: 800 km paved: 800 km unpaved: 0 km (1999)

Waterways: none

Ports and harbors: Castletown, Douglas, Peel, Ramsey

Merchant marine: total: 212 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,540,100
GRT/9,130,508 DWT note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered
here as a flag of convenience: Denmark 45, France 1, Germany 48, Greece
6, Hong Kong 10, Iceland 1, Italy 8, Monaco 7, Netherlands 3, Norway 5,
Sweden 4, Switzerland 2, United Kingdom 70, United States 1 (2002 est.)
ships by type: bulk 29, cargo 34, chemical tanker 22, combination bulk 2,
container 29, liquefied gas 24, petroleum tanker 46, roll on/roll off 20,
specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 5

Airports: 1 (2001)

Airports - with paved runways: total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2001)

Military Man, Isle of

Military - note: defense is the responsibility of the UK

Transnational Issues Man, Isle of

Disputes - international: none

This page was last updated on 1 January 2002

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India

Introduction

India

Background: The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the
world, goes back at least 5,000 years. Aryan tribes from the northwest
invaded about 1500 B.C.; their merger with the earlier inhabitants created
the classical Indian culture. Arab incursions starting in the 8th century
and Turkish in 12th were followed by European traders beginning in the
late 15th century. By the 19th century, Britain had assumed political
control of virtually all Indian lands. Nonviolent resistance to British
colonialism under Mohandas GANDHI and Jawaharlal NEHRU led to independence
in 1947. The subcontinent was divided into the secular state of I