expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)

Industries: tourism, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food
processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics

Industrial production growth rate: -0.4% (2001)

Electricity - production: 257.408 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 80.01% hydro: 17.07%
other: 2.92% (2000) nuclear: 0%

Electricity - consumption: 283.737 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - exports: 484 million kWh (2000)

Electricity - imports: 44.831 billion kWh (2000)

Agriculture - products: fruits, vegetables, grapes, potatoes, sugar
beets, soybeans, grain, olives; beef, dairy products; fish

Exports: $243 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)

Exports - commodities: engineering products, textiles and clothing,
production machinery, motor vehicles, transport equipment, chemicals;
food, beverages and tobacco; minerals and nonferrous metals

Exports - partners: EU 54.9% (Germany 15.1%, France 12.6%, UK 6.9%,
Spain 6.2%), US 10.4% (2000)

Imports: $226 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)

Imports - commodities: engineering products, chemicals, transport
equipment, energy products, minerals and nonferrous metals, textiles
and clothing; food, beverages and tobacco

Imports - partners: EU 56.3% (Germany 17.5%, France 11.4%, Netherlands
5.9%, UK 5.4%), US 5.3% (2000)

Debt - external: $NA

Economic aid - donor: ODA, $1 billion (2002 est.)

Currency: euro (EUR); Italian lira (ITL) note: on 1 January 1999, the
European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be
used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002,
the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the
member countries

Currency code: EUR; ITL

Exchange rates: euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175
(2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); Italian lire per US dollar -
1,688.7 (January 1999), 1,736.2 (1998), 1,703.1 (1997)

Fiscal year: calendar year

Communications Italy

Telephones - main lines in use: 25 million (1999)

Telephones - mobile cellular: 20.5 million (1999)

Telephone system: general assessment: modern, well developed,
fast; fully automated telephone, telex, and data services domestic:
high-capacity cable and microwave radio relay trunks international:
satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (with a total of 5 antennas - 3
for Atlantic Ocean and 2 for Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean
region), and