about 1890,
terrestrial and aquatic wildlife

Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)

Irrigated land: 0 sq km (1998 est.)

Natural hazards: NA

Environment - current issues: no natural fresh water resources

Geography - note: strategic location in the North Pacific Ocean;
Johnston Island and Sand Island are natural islands, which have been
expanded by coral dredging; North Island (Akau) and East Island (Hikina)
are manmade islands formed from coral dredging; egg-shaped reef is 34 km
in circumference; closed to the public; former US nuclear weapons test
site; site of Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS);
some lowgrowing vegetation

People Johnston Atoll

Population: no indigenous inhabitants note: in previous years, there
was an average of 1,100 US military and civilian contractor personnel
present; as of 1 September 2001, population had decreased significantly
when US Army Chemical Activity Pacific (USACAP) departed (July 2002 est.)

Population growth rate: NA%

Government Johnston Atoll

Country name: conventional long form: none conventional short form:
Johnston Atoll

Dependency status: unincorporated territory of the US; administered
from Honolulu, HI, by Pacific Air Forces, Hickam AFB, and the Fish and
Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the
National Wildlife Refuge system

Legal system: the laws of the US, where applicable, apply

Flag description: the flag of the US is used

Economy Johnston Atoll

Economy - overview: Economic activity is limited to providing services
to US military personnel and contractors located on the island. All food
and manufactured goods must be imported.

Electricity - production: approximately 1million kWh weekly; note -
there are six 25,000 kWh generators operated by the base operating
support contractor (1999)

Electricity - consumption: NA kWh

Communications Johnston Atoll

Telephone system: general assessment: 13 outgoing and 10 incoming
commercial lines; adequate telecommunications domestic: 60-channel
submarine cable (broken in January 2002), 22 DSN circuits by satellite,
Autodin with standard remote terminal, digital telephone switch,
Military Affiliated Radio System (MARS station), UHF/VHF air-ground
radio, a link to the Pacific Consolidated Telecommunications Network
(PCTN) satellite international: NA

Radio broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA