eal growth rate: 12.2% (2001 est.)

GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $5,900 (2001 est.)

GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 10% industry: 30% services:
60% (2000 est.)

Population below poverty line: 26% (2001 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 27.3% (2001)

Distribution of family income - Gini index: 35.4 (1996)

Inflation rate (consumer prices): 8.5% (2001 est.)

Labor force: 8.4 million (1999)

Labor force - by occupation: industry 30%, agriculture 20%, services 50%
(2001 est.)

Unemployment rate: 10% (2001 est.)

Budget: revenues: $4.2 billion expenditures: $5.1 billion, including
capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)

Industries: oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc,
copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, iron and
steel, tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors,
construction materials

Industrial production growth rate: 11.4% (2001 est.)

Electricity - production: 48.692 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - production by source: fossil fuel: 86.4% hydro: 13.6%
other: 0% (2000) nuclear: 0%

Electricity - consumption: 48.336 billion kWh (2000)

Electricity - exports: 50 million kWh (2000)

Electricity - imports: 3.102 billion kWh (2000)

Agriculture - products: grain (mostly spring wheat), cotton; wool,
livestock

Exports: $10.5 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)

Exports - commodities: oil and oil products 52.8%, ferrous metals 12.9%,
machinery, chemicals, grain, wool, meat, coal (2000)

Exports - partners: Russia 19.5%, China 7.3%, Germany 6.2% (2000)

Imports: $8.2 billion (f.o.b., 2001 est.)

Imports - commodities: machinery and parts 29.5%, energy and fuels 11.3%,
electrical equipment 8.8%, vehicles 8.7%, ferrous metals 6.4% (2000)

Imports - partners: Russia 48.7%, Germany 6.6%, US 5.5% (2000)

Debt - external: $11.6 billion (2001 est.)

Economic aid - recipient: $610 million in US assistance programs,
1992-2000

Currency: tenge (KZT)

Currency code: KZT

Exchange rates: tenge per US dollar - 151.14 (January 2002), 146.74
(2001), 142.13 (2000), 119.52 (1999), 78.30 (1998), 75.44 (1997)

Fiscal year: calendar year

Communications Kazakhstan

Telephones - main lines in use: 1.92 million (2001)

Telephones - mobile cellular: 400,000 (2001)

Telephone system: service is poor; equipment antiquated domestic: are
availa