ce of his opponents; and, eventually leaves the country for Gaul,
having demanded hostages from the different States. Two, only, send
them.

[Sidenote: B.C. 54.]

The following year the invasion is repeated. In the first we had a few
details, but no names of either the clans, or their chief. The second is
more fruitful in both. It gives us the campaign of Cassibelaunus. The
most formidable part of the British armoury was the war-chariots. These
were driven up and down, before and into, the hostile ranks, by
charioteers sufficiently skilful to keep steady in rough places and
declivities, to take up their master when pressed, to wheel round and
return to the charge with dangerous dexterity. Meanwhile the master,
himself, either hurled his javelins on the enemy from a short
distance, or jumping from the chariot--from the body or yoke
indifferently--descended on the ground, and fought single-handed. When
pressed by the cavalry they retreated to the woods; which, in many
cases, were artificially strengthened by stockades.

About eighty miles from the sea, Caesar reached the boundaries of the
kingdom of Cassibelaunus, now the head of the whole Britannic
Confederacy; but until the discordant populations became united by a
sense of their common danger, an aggressive and ambitious warrior,
involved in continuous hostilities with the populations around. His name
is evidently compound. The termination, -_belaunus_, or -_belinus_, we
shall meet with again. The _Cass_- is not unreasonably supposed to exist
at the present moment in the name of the Hundred of _Cassio_, in Herts
(whence _Cassio_-bury).

This is the first British proper name. The next is that of the
_Trinobantes_--beginning with the common Keltic prefix (_tre_-) meaning
_place_. Imanuentius, the king, had been slain in some previous act of
aggression by Cassibelaunus, and his son Mandubratius had fled to Caesar
whilst in Gaul. He is now restored upon giving hostages.

In the list which follows of the population who sent hostages to Caesar,
we find the name of the _Cassi_; which suggests the notion of
Cassibelaunus' own subjects have become unfaithful to him. The others
are Cenimagni, the Segontiaci, the Ancalites, and the Bibroci.

Caesar seems now to be in Hertfordshire, west of London, _i.e._,
about Cassio-bury, the stockaded village, or head-quarters, of
Cassibelaunus--Cassibelaunus himself being in Kent. Here he succeeds in
exciting four chiefs, Cingetorix (o