rovince supposed to be more hostile than any other in China to
foreigners. To the demand of Sir J. Bowring, Yeh returned no answer. Sir
M. Seymour accordingly opened fire upon some large government buildings
on the 27th. Yeh's own residence was amongst the buildings thus
attacked. A body of troops, drawn up on a rising ground, was shelled by
the British, and driven from the position. Yeh, as high commissioner
of his imperial majesty, offered, by proclamation, a reward of thirty
dollars for the head of every Englishman. On the 29th, a breach being
made in the walls, seamen and marines landed, blew in the city gate,
penetrated the interior of the city, and captured the governor's house.
Admiral Seymour, more gallant than wise, proposed a conference with
the commissioner, who declined it. On the 3rd of November, Canton was
therefore again attacked. On the 5th a fleet of war-junks was destroyed,
and the French Folly fort captured. Sir Michael Seymour was infected
by the old British absurdity in dealing with the Chinese, that of
negotiating, when prompt and sustained action to compel them to
seek negotiation was the only sound policy. Sir Michael carried on a
correspondence with the chief mandarin concerning the surrender of
the Bogue forts, and their restoration, unimpaired, under certain
contingencies. The mandarin regarded the correspondence useful so as to
gain time, but he would make no concessions. On the 12th of November
the forts were attacked, and on the 13th captured with ease, although
defended by 400 guns. On the same day the Ammughoy forts on the side
opposite to the Bogue entrance were attacked and captured, with very
little resistance, although mounted by 210 guns. On the 14th of December
the foreign factories at Canton were fired by the Chinese, and nearly
all destroyed. Admiral Seymour could effect nothing during the month of
December, his force being inadequate. While he awaited reinforcements
the year terminated.

DISPUTES WITH THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

During the year 1855 disputes existed with the North American republic,
which were happily brought to a termination in 1856. The differences
between that power and Great Britain referred to two subjects--the
enlistment of recruits by British officers, and "the Clayton-Bulwer
treaty" concerning Central America. England withdrew her recruiting
agents, and made reparation for her conduct. The Clayton-Bulwer treaty
was not so easily adjusted. It was