ny intercourse, so riven were they by faction,
oppression, and civil war. With Brazil the commercial connections of
England were important, and the amity of the two states assured. Chili,
Peru, and Panama dealt largely with the European western nations, and
should the liberal party in those countries succeed in checking
the encroachments of the priests, it is obvious that a much further
development of commercial intercourse would take place.

Showing a new trade of L2,000,000 sterling with Manchester alone.

"In exports, the great fluctuations have been in--

Increase.

Silks.................................... 10,26,928 Rs.

Opium.................................... 42,85,474

Sugar .................................. 38,63,928

Jute..................................... 21.49,089

Linseed ............................... 20,81,914

Mustard seed............................. 14,84,683

"The exportation of rice has decreased by half a million sterling. The
increase in the import of Manchester goods will not be so rapid this
year, the market showing some signs of a glut. The import of silver has
been twenty-six millions in five years!"

Such a condition of commercial development and prosperity, during a
period of terrible contest, is one of the most marvellous of modern
historical facts. The progress of railways was, if possible, more
surprising as to the development of the material resources and aptitudes
of India at such a period. The condition of material prosperity shown
by India, in spite of the sanguinary sepoy revolt, was scarcely more
encouraging than the reports of the way in which the finance of India
passed through the terrible convulsion.

THE AUSTRALIAN COLONIES.

_South Australia_.--The extraordinarily rapid progress to wealth, power,
and importance of the Australian colonies was one of the great wonders
of the age. The following account of the condition of South Australia,
in 1859, is full of interest to every patriot and every friend of human
progress:--"The population was estimated at upwards of 120,000, and the
total immigration, from the 1st of January to the 8th of October, had
been 3,881. There had been an emigration, however, to the extent of
2,139 persons, leaving a balance in favour of immigration of 1,742,
comprising 917 male adults, 579 female adults, 101 male children, and
145 female children. The avera