formed. Nay, they even
sanctioned future spoliation and wrong. They recognised a throne which
Buonaparte was about to erect for his brother Jerome--the throne of
Westphalia. It was declared that this kingdom should consist of the
provinces ceded by the King of Prussia, on the left bank of the Elbe,
and of other states at present in the possession of his majesty, the
Emperor Napoleon. In return for this courtesy, it was agreed that the
relatives or connexions of Alexander, namely, the Dukes of Saxe Cobourg,
Oldenburg, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, should be restored to their states, but
only upon conditions that their sea-ports should be garrisoned by French
soldiers till a treaty of peace should be signed between France and
England. By the treaty of Tilsit, Russia agreed to make peace with the
Porte, and to abandon Moldavia and Wallachia. Russia, likewise, ceded
the Ionian Isles to France, and promised the evacuation of Cattaro,
which as well as Ragusa was united with the kingdom of Italy. Although
Russia promised to make peace with the Porte, a scheme was concocted for
the future dismemberment of the empire, and for the distribution of its
spoils to Russia, France, and Austria. Plots were also devised against
Sweden and Spain, although the latter country had recently sacrificed
its whole navy in Napoleon's cause, and whose army was still engaged for
him in the north. The treaty of Tilsit was, in fact, nothing less than
a league, avowed or secret, to enchain the world; most of the
European countries were already enslaved, and those that were not were
threatened. Even England was menaced; but England was still destined to
be the avenger of humiliated thrones.

EXPEDITION TO COPENHAGEN.

The naval force of England during this year maintained its supremacy. It
was manifest to all the world, from the terms of the treaty of Tilsit,
that Napoleon would, whenever it suited his purpose, occupy Denmark.
Nay, it has been seen that a new northern confederation was to be
formed, with Alexander the Emperor of Russia at its head. It was
determined, therefore, by the British cabinet, that the confederated
emperors should be anticipated: an armament of 20,000 men under Lord
Cathcart, accompanied by a powerful fleet under Admiral Lord Gambier,
was sent against Denmark. Before the expedition commenced operations,
a British envoy required that the Danish fleet should be delivered
into the hands of the British admiral, under a solemn agree