bons had vanished, but the nation still lived. The news
of what had passed at Bayonne filled all Spain with fury: the national
pride revolted against the yoke of the foreigner, and a contest was
roused, the flames of which raged over all the provinces of the kingdom.
In the very day that Napoleon declared his brother King of Spain, the
junta of Seville proclaimed war against the oppressor; and on the day of
the entrance of King-Joseph into Madrid, the French were repulsed from
Saragossa, and compelled to lay down their arms at Baylen, to the number
of 26,000 men. So furious was the storm of war which Napoleon had thus
called up throughout the whole country, that his brother Joseph was
obliged to quit Madrid one week after his entry therein. In every part
the population rose to arms and massacred the French: the very clergy
aiding the people and the army to root them from their soil. From this
time for six long years Spain fought against the formidable forces of
the world's tyrant; and, as will be seen in a future page, she came
off victorious. At the very first onset, indeed, by the capitulation at
Baylen, the charm of French invincibility was broken, and the star of
Napoleon was covered with an opaque cloud. It was this battle, fought
in July, which induced England to assist the Spaniards. Money, arms,
munitions of every sort, and troops were sent to both Spain and
Portugal; and, as regards the latter country, their power was soon
rendered effective.

{GEORGE III. 1807--1809}

AFFAIRS OF PORTUGAL. CONFEDERATION OF FRANCE AND RUSSIA.

Upon receiving the intelligence of these reverses, Napoleon assembled a
far more powerful army, and resolved to crush the insurrection of Spain
at least in person. Other dangers, however, awaited him. Alarmed at
the treaty of Tilsit, and invigorated by its consequences, Austria had
increased her regular force, and organized a militia; and the French
reverses in Spain and Portugal gave a new impulse to her evident
preparations for war. Napoleon saw this with alarm, and he resolved at
once to menace and insult that country, by arranging the co-operation
of Russia and the confederated states of the Rhine against the Emperor
of Austria, should he attempt to take advantage of the Spanish war. A
meeting between Napoleon and Alexander of Russia took place at Erfurt in
September and October; and although the sovereigns of the confederation
of the Rhine were permitted to pay their court the