hemes and giving positive orders for falling upon
Portugal in a time of peace. On the 27th of October it was agreed
between France and Spain--That Spain should grant a free passage through
her territories, and supply with provisions a French army to invade
Portugal; that she should also furnish a body of troops to co-operate
with the said French army; and that as soon as the conquest should be
completed, the provinces which now composed the kingdom of Portugal
should be divided between the King of Etruria, the King of Spain's
grandson, and Manuel Godoy, who was the Queen of Spain's infamous
favourite. Thus the province of Jutra Douro, and Minho, with the city
of Oporto, was to fall to the lot of the King of Etruria, and was to be
erected into a kingdom, under the name of Northern Lusitania; and the
sovereignty of the Alentejo and Algarves was to be given to Godoy, who
was to assume the title of the Sovereign Prince of the Algarves. These
two principalities were to own the King of Spain as their protector;
but France was to keep the city of Lisbon, and the provinces of
Tras-os-Montes, Beira, and Estremadura until the period of a general
peace. In consideration of obtaining this new kingdom, the Queen of
Etruria, acting as regent for her son, was to abdicate and give to
Napoleon those districts in Italy which he had previously annexed to the
King of Etruria's kingdom. This treaty was not signed, as before seen,
until the 27th of October; but nine days before this a French army had
crossed the Bidaso, and had commenced its march through Spain for the
Portuguese frontier. This army was commanded by Junot; and on the 26th
of November that commander advanced to Abrantes, within three days'
march from Lisbon. The Moniteur had already announced that "the house of
Braganza had ceased to reign;" and as if to fulfil this imperial edict,
the royal family embarked on board a British fleet and set sail for the
Brazils, leaving the country in the hands of the enemy. In the whole,
about 18,000 Portuguese abandoned their homes and their country with
their sovereign. They were accompanied a part of their voyage by a
strong British squadron, under the command of Admiral Sir Sidney Smith;
and when that commander left them, he returned to blockade the
Tagus. Junot's first measure was, on entering Lisbon, to disarm the
inhabitants: and this done he commenced the levy of contributions. In
every respect he treated the country as a conquest of Fr